<p>The Church of All Saints in Martock, Somerset, England dates from the 13th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church was acquired by the Treasurer of Wells Cathedral in 1227 and he became the rector and patron of the church. He lived in the Treasurer&#39;s House.</p><br>
<p>The tower dates from around 1505, in four stages, with offset corner buttresses to the full height of the tower, to replace the previous one over the central crossing. At the same time the rest of the church was also restored and expanded. This expansion was paid for by Lady Margaret Beaufort.</p><br>
<p>In July 1645 the church was used as a billet and damaged by the troops of Oliver Cromwell after a battle at Bridgwater, this included the removal of the statues of saints from niches in the clerestory.</p><br>
<p>The church was restored by Benjamin Ferrey, who was architect to the Diocese of Bath and Wells from 1841 until his death, and also in 1883&ndash;84 by Ewan Christian when a new pulpit was installed. The interior includes a stucco plaster altar and an organ which was previously in Wells Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>In 1919 the Lady Chapel was restored and furnished, and a screen added across the aisle arch. In 1921 the Jacobean altar table, which had long been used as a vestry table, was repaired and replaced as the High Altar. In 1923 the leads of the tower and aisles were renewed and repaired.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Mary in Mudford, Somerset, England dates from the 14th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church was granted by Montacute Priory to the Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1339. The interior includes a Jacobean pulpit and a stone font from the 15th century.</p><br>
<p>It has a 66 ft high three-stage tower, which dates from around 1498, divided by string courses with clasping corner buttresses, a battlemented parapet with small corner and intermediate pinnacles, and corner gargoyles. There is a stair turret on the north-east corner with a weathervane finial, and a clock face on the east side. It contains five bells dated 1582, 1621, 1623, 1664 and 1666, all by the Purdue family of nearby Closworth. The tower was rebuilt in 1309 and again in the early 20th century following a lightning strike.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Chilton Cantelo, Ashington, Marston Magna, Mudford and Rimpton within the Yeovil deanery.</p><br>
<p>Due to the condition of the high level stonework the church has been added to the Heritage at Risk register; however repairs were undertaken in 2013 to correct this.</p><br>
<p>Hornby School is a one-room schoolhouse in Greenfield Township, Erie County in the USA state of Pennsylvania. The school was one of the ten similar schools constructed in Greenfield Township, and is one of only two one-room schoolhouses remaining in Erie County that are not heavily altered. The schoolhouse was constructed in 1875, and was originally called Shadduck School. Hornby School stayed in continuous operation as a school until 1956. It was restored and opened as the Hornby School Museum in 1984, and was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Hornby School is located on Station Road (Pennsylvania Route 430) in Greenfield Township, a 1/4 mi from the intersection of Station and Williams Roads. The school consists of a one-story, frame building 36 ft long and 22 ft. Its gable roof shingled with cedar shakes and topped with a belfry. The interior of the school divided into three rooms: the cloakroom, the wood storage room, and the school classroom. The schoolhouse was not built with indoor plumbing; water is supplied from a well and hand pump adjacent to the building. Also on the property is a two-person outhouse; only one stall is operational with the other being used for storage. The original holding pit beneath the outhouse was removed and replaced with a septic tank in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first school to be established in Greenfield Township was at Colt Station in 1820. Shadduck School was originally a log cabin built in 1850; the building was replaced in 1865 with another log cabin. After the passage of the Free Schools Acts of 1834 by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, state funding allowed Greenfield Township to build ten, frame, one-room schoolhouses that either replaced older schools or established new ones. On December 23, 1873, the Greenfield Township School Board authorized the construction of two new schoolhouses&mdash;replacing the older Shadduck School and another schoolhouse. The school board decided on a location for the building on June 12, 1875, and the school was completed by October 27.</p><br>
<p>The school was known as Shadduck School until 1900, when it was changed to reflect the name of the nearest post office, Hornby. The school&#39;s belfry was also erected in 1900. Hornby School was closed in 1956 after the township became a part of the Wattsburg Area School District and the Greenfield Elementary School was completed. The property, including the building and its contents, were subsequently auctioned off.</p><br>
<p>The Hornby School Restoration Society was formed and the school, along with a 1/2 acre of land, was donated to the organization in 1973; an additional 1/2 acre was donated in 1991. Hornby School was reopened on August 26, 1984 and now functions as a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Hornby School is a working one-room schoolhouse and replicate the operation of the school from the 1870s to the early 1900s. Of the ten constructed in Greenfield Township and the six that survived to the 1940s, it is the only one that was not modified: one is an automotive parts store, three are residential homes, and another burned down in a fire. All of the "chalkboards, desks and other teaching implements" were original to Hornby School or were from one of the other schoolhouses in the township. The only other one-room schoolhouse in the county is located on the campus of Northwestern High School in Albion.</p><br>
<p>Colonia Glacier  is a valley glacier located in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, Chile. The glacier spills out to the southeast from an ice plateau north of Cerro Arenales and has its terminus about 4 km from Colonia Lake. Colonia Glacier dams two lakes; Cachet II and Arco Lake. The ice dam containing the waters of Cachet II Lake fails regularly, which generates glacial lake outburst floods.</p><br>
<p>On March 31, 2012, for the second time that year, virtually all of the 200 million cubic liters of water in Lake Cachet II were lost in less than 24 hours as a result of perforations in the glacial wall, a consequence of rising temperatures driven by climate change. The lake has drained 11 times since 2008 and experts predict it will increase in frequency.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Michael in North Cadbury, Somerset, England dates from 1417, although the tower was built a few years earlier. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>In 1423 Lord and Lady de Botreaux were granted a royal licence to form a college of seven chaplains. As a result, the nave and chancel were rebuilt although the earlier three-stage tower was left intact.</p><br>
<p>Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon granted the patronage of the church to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, leading to a dispute between the college and the owner of the manor of North Cadbury that became famous in the history of mortgage law. From the 17th century until 1979 the church remained under the patronage of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and every rector from the mid-17th century to the mid-20th century was a former fellow of the college.</p><br>
<p>The church includes elaborately carved bench ends dating from the 1530s. The decoration includes not just religious imagery but also birds and animals along with local people at work.</p><br>
<p>During the 1980s the interior fittings and decoration of the church were damaged beyond repair. The local sculptor John Robinson designed modern figures to replace them. Some controversy arose about the figures and they were eventually placed on the wall of the adjacent North Cadbury Court which overlooks the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the Camelot Parishes benefice within the Bruton and Cary deanery.</p><br>
<p>Barbee Lake is a fresh water lake located in Warsaw, Indiana, United States.</p><br>
<p>The Barbee chain of lakes was formed by retreating glaciers during the Pleistocene era as were most of northeast Indiana&#39;s lakes.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The greater Barbee lakes are located just west of Indiana State Road 13, approximately 3 mi south-southeast of Tippecanoe Lake and 5 mi southwest of Webster Lake.</p><br>
<h2>The lake chain</h2><br>
<p>Barbee Lake is composed of seven interconnected and natural lakes (Barbee Lakes chain):</p><br>
<p>Barbee Lake 304 acre</p><br>
<p>Little Barbee Lake 74 acre</p><br>
<p>Kuhn Lake 137 acre</p><br>
<p>Irish Lake 182 acre</p><br>
<p>Sawmill Lake 36 acre</p><br>
<p>Sechrist Lake 105 acre</p><br>
<p>Banning Lake 17 acre</p><br>
<h2>Inflow and outflow</h2><br>
<p>Inflow via Grassy Creek feeds Barbee (Big Barbee), Little Barbee, Irish, and Sawmill. Shoe Lake flows into Banning Lake while Heron Lake flows into Kuhn Lake. Banning and Kuhn Lakes have the best water quality in the chain because their small watersheds contribute fewer nutrients. Water leaving the Barbee chain heads north and feeds Tippecanoe Lake. Some 75% of the watershed is agricultural.</p><br>
<h2>Residential</h2><br>
<p>The chain of Barbee lakes has approximately 2300 residences spread throughout the lakes with the highest concentration near Barbee&#39;s north end, Sechrist, and Little Barbee Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>All of the lakes support bluegill, largemouth bass, yellow perch, catfish, and crappie. The Indiana Department of Natural Resources maintains a boat ramp on Kuhn Lake&#39;s north side. Access to Tippecanoe is possible for boats 16 ft and shorter in length through a manually operated lock.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Mary the Virgin in Norton Sub Hamdon, Somerset, England has 13th-century origins but was rebuilt around 1510. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>Restoration was undertaken by Henry Wilson in 1894 and again in 1904.</p><br>
<p>The five-stage tower, dating from around 1485, which rises 98.5 ft was damaged by lightning and fire on 29 July 1894, but restored within a year preserving the original design. It has a double plinth, offset corner buttresses, dividing strings, battlemented parapet with pairs of corner pinnacles extended from buttresses, and central paired pinnacles corbelled off gargoyles.</p><br>
<p>The dovecote in the churchyard dates from the 17th century, and was associated with a manor house which was demolished around 1850.</p><br>
<p>The Elmendorph Inn, often spelled Elmendorf Inn, is the oldest building in the village of Red Hook, New York, United States. It is located at the north corner of North Broadway  and Cherry Street, a block north of the junction of Route 9 and NY 199.</p><br>
<p>It was built in the mid-18th century as an inn to serve long-distance travelers on the Albany Post Road. In the 1810s, it became the meeting place of the Red Hook Town Board for the next several decades. It has had a number of owners; the Elmendorphs are the earliest known ones. In the 1830s, it was expanded and renovated, eventually becoming just a residence. After a recent restoration it has become a community center. In 1978 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The inn is a two-story, nine-bay frame clapboard-sided structure with a modified gambrel roof pierced by four brick chimneys. A lean-to addition is on the rear. It is located on the north corner of the intersection, just two buildings north of the Village Diner.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the building has much of an interior added in the early 19th century, such as its wooden doors, lath and plaster walls, chair rails and exposed ceiling beams. The central hallway has a curved wall to accommodate the staircase. There is evidence of the expansions that have taken place, such as bricked-over former fireplaces.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Records of property ownership and improvements in 18th-century Red Hook are scant because most of the land in the village was leased from local landowner Henry Beekman. The village did not even incorporate until 1894, after a fire had destroyed many older buildings, further complicating historical research. The mid–18th-century construction date has been established instead by close examination of its architecture and the contemporaneous leasing of many surrounding properties.</p><br>
<p>For most of the 18th century Red Hook was just the inn and a few houses, serving travelers on the Albany Post Road (now Route 9), where it became a regular stop in 1785. It seems to have gone through several owners, and is first noted as Elmendorphs Inn on a 1797 map. By 1811 it was known as Loops Hotel, after owner Jacob Loop, whose deed for 12.5 acre is the first indication of ownership of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Red Hook Town Board met there for the first time in 1815, the first of many recorded meetings at the inn. The first Dutchess County Fair was held on the grounds. When Loop died in 1819, a George Ring bought the inn. He opened a store as well in 1820, but this effort failed so thoroughly that the entire property was sold at a sheriff&#39;s sale five years later. The buyer flipped it the same day to Peter DeReimer, who himself sold it to a Jacobus Eckhart in 1827.</p><br>
<p>Sometimes during the 1830s, the inn was expanded in both the north and south directions to its present size. The original gambrel roof was covered over to create its present gabled appearance. The interior was also refurbished in the Federal style; many of those improvements remain.</p><br>
<p>The next owner, David Wager, lived there for a while before buying the inn in 1835. Town Board meetings continued until 1842. Three years later Wager gave some of the land on the east end of the parcel to the local Methodist Episcopal Society for use as a cemetery. He sold the property to Augustus Martin, a state assemblyman and town supervisor, shortly before his death in 1854.</p><br>
<p>It was the Martin family who ended the buildings commercial use and converted it to a two-family residence. Edward Martin, a descendant, later operated a school in the building that, at least during the 1890s, had kindergarten classes. It remained in his familys hands until 1933. At that point the lot was subdivided and sold, with only the inn&#39;s half-acre (2,000 m²) remaining. Heating and plumbing were added to the building during the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1977 it had fallen into disrepair and was on the verge of being demolished. It was acquired by a group called Friends of Elmendorph, which renovated it to its present appearance over the next 12 years. A front porch that was on the building in 1978 when it was listed on the Register has since been removed, and shingled siding removed to reveal the original clapboard.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Barnabas in Queen Camel, Somerset, England was built in the 14th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>A former church in Queen Camel was the mother church to Somerton, Chilton Cantelo and the surrounding area before 1140. In the 12th century the church was given to Cleeve Abbey. The first recorded rector was in 1317. The church underwent Victorian restoration in 1888.</p><br>
<p>The church has a 96 ft high tower, built in five stages, The tower contains the heaviest peal of six bells in the world by total weight.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains memorials to many of the Mildmay family, who were Lords of the manor. There is a wooden rood screen and octagonal stone font supported by four large carved supports.</p><br>
<p>The churchyard contains a Commonwealth war grave of a Royal Navy seaman of World War I.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the Cam Vale benefice, which includes Corton Denham, Sparkford, Sutton Montis, West Camel and Weston Bampfylde, within the Bruton and Cary deanery.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Mary in Rimpton, Somerset, England was built in the early 13th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The exact date of the building of the church is uncertain. It was before 1291 but some payments to the church had been made in 1215 or earlier.</p><br>
<p>The stone building consists of a chancel, nave with an 18th-century north transept and vestry, and a south chapel, which was added in the 15th century. The interior includes a 15th-century font with a 17th-century cover. The pulpit is from the 17th century. The west tower contains three bells the oldest of which was cast in 1657 by Robert Austen.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Chilton Cantelo, Ashington, Mudford, Rimpton and Mudford within the yeovil deanery.</p><br>
<p>Causey Reservoir is a reservoir located 15 mi northeast of Ogden, Utah, United States just off Utah State Route 39.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Causey is a 142 acre surface area reservoir on the South Fork of the Ogden River. It is a feature of the Weber Basin Project, and lies at an elevation of about 5,700 ft. The reservoir has a maximum depth of 182 ft and a mean depth of 65 ft.</p><br>
<p>Causey is located in steep, forested, valley terrain, and extends into three canyons.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is operated by the Weber Basin Water Conservancy District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Causey Dam was constructed between 1962 and 1966 by the Bureau of Reclamation to provide water to the northern Wasatch front area of Utah. It is an earthfill dam.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Activities at Causey Reservoir include boating and fishing. There are no dedicated boat-launch facilities, and only wake-less speeds are allowed. Fishing includes Kokanee Salmon and several trout varieties, including rainbow, cutthroat, and brown. Causey is also one of the few places in Utah where spearfishing is allowed. (Note: Always check Utah Fishing regulations because they change from year to year)</p><br>
<p>Swimming and cliff-jumping are also popular.</p><br>
<p>Camping and picnic sites are available at nearby Memorial Park, and along the Ogden River.</p><br>
<p>Camp Kiesel, a Boy Scout camp, is located on the northern arm of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Zimmerman Kame  is a glacial kame and archaeological site in McDonald Township, Hardin County, Ohio, United States, near the community of Roundhead. A circular hill approximately 20 ft in height, it was a commercial gravel pit for a time before being abandoned in the 1970s after artifacts of the ancient Glacial Kame Culture of Native Americans were found at the site. Today, the kame is tree-covered and surrounded by farm fields; there are no obvious signs of its significance.</p><br>
<p>The Zimmerman Kame is one of many archaeological sites in Hardin County. A survey conducted in the early twentieth century revealed at least five different archaeological sites in McDonald Township and the adjacent Roundhead Township and a total of forty-four sites across the county. Many burial sites were located on top of hills such as the Zimmerman Kame. Among the most significant artifacts found at the Zimmerman Site were small objects of pottery; previous to the Zimmerman discovery, the Glacial Kame people were not known to have produced ceramics.</p><br>
<p>In 1974 the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its potential to yield more information about the Glacial Kame Culture. It was the first such kame to be listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The George Jones Memorial Baptist Church, also known as the "Wheat Church," is a historic church building at the former site of the community of Wheat in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. It is the only structure remaining from Wheat, a rural Roane County community that was dissolved in 1942 when the United States government assumed ownership of the land for the Manhattan Project.</p><br>
<p>Founded in 1854 as a United Baptist congregation by 26 members of the Sulphur Springs Church of Christ, it was established in Wheat in the northern part of Roane County. Originally named the "Mount Zion Baptist Church," it changed its name to "George Jones Memorial Baptist Church" in 1901, after a local minister who had donated most of the land for the community. In the same year, the congregation built a new building, which remains today.</p><br>
<p>The church is considered a good example of a rural vernacular church building. It is a three-bay, rectangular plan brick building with wood cladding, a square bell tower, and a standing-seam metal roof. There are two rooms in its interior, an anteroom and the sanctuary, separated from one another by a waist-high partition. A 1½ acre cemetery is located west of the church.</p><br>
<p>The George Jones church served not only as a religious facility, but also as a community gathering place for Wheat residents. When Wheat was vacated by the federal government in 1942 as part of the Manhattan Project, the George Jones Memorial Baptist Church was abandoned with the rest of the community. All other Wheat buildings have been demolished. As the only pre-1942 building remaining in what was once Wheat, the church is the location of annual reunions of former residents.</p><br>
<p>The church is east of the K-25 site and a short distance north of State Route 58, from which it is visible. It is located on the old Wheat Road, a gravel road (accessible from Blair Road) that follows the historical roadbed of a one-time local thoroughfare. Motorized travel on the road is limited to government vehicles, but the road is open to pedestrians and bicycles as a public greenway trail.</p><br>
<p>George Jones Memorial Baptist Church was one of six Oak Ridge properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. This listing reflects its significance as the only existing physical remnant of the Wheat community, a physical representation of rural life in the area in the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, and an example of vernacular church architecture.</p><br>
<p>Greenway Plantation is a wood-frame, 1 1/2-story plantation house that stands on the north side of Route 5 in Charles City County, Virginia. Located just west of the Charles City Courthouse, it is one of Charles City&#39;s earliest and most distinctive Colonial plantations. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Physical description</h2><br>
<p>The plantation comprises approximately 1,100 acre and consists of several outbuildings in addition to the main house. The frame structures have beaded clapboard siding and wood-covered gable rooflines. The main structure is symmetrical in its front, southern facade and possesses the end chimneys so characteristic of southern Colonial structures. It has a unique T-Shaped plan and the brick foundation walls are constructed mainly of Flemish bond, with the exception of a few areas where an English brick bond is possible evidence of additions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Greenway was built circa 1776 by Judge John Tyler, Sr., the father of president John Tyler. Future President Tyler was born here in 1790. When Judge Tyler died in 1813, John Tyler at the age of 23 inherited Greenway and lived there until age 39 (1829), when he sold the plantation and moved to nearby Sherwood Forest Plantation. Although its architecture is of significant import, the historical figures associated with the structure provide the greatest argument for the plantation&#39;s historic integrity.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>The current plantation is privately owned and maintained. The structures have remained well-preserved over the years with little alteration.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Catholic Church, also known as St. Mary of the Visitation Church, is a parish church of the Diocese of Davenport which is located at 228 E. Jefferson St. in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. The church building and rectory are listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. They were both included as contributing properties in the Jefferson Street Historic District in 2004. The parishs first rectory, which is now a private home, is also listed on the National Register as St. Mary&#39;s Rectory. It is located a few blocks to the east of the present church location at 610 E. Jefferson St.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Mass in what is now Iowa City was celebrated by a frontier missionary, the Rev. Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, OP, on December 20, 1840. It was attended by 28 people in a building that doubled as a private home and a hotel owned by Fred Haberstroh. The University of Iowa’s School of Business is currently on that location. The previous day Mazzuchelli had arrived from St. Paul’s Church in Burlington and bought two lots for $2,000 on which the church and rectory stand today.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s parish was established by Mazzuchelli in 1841, and he designed a small frame building that would serve as a church. The cornerstone for the Greek Revival structure was laid on July 12, 1841 by Bishop Mathias Loras of Dubuque. The building, named St. Mary of the Assumption, was largely completed by 1842. Several priests, including the Rev. J.A.M. Pelamourgues from St. Anthony’s in Davenport celebrated Mass in the new church. In 1844 the parish had grown to about 70 families and the Rev. Anthony Godfert was assigned the parish’s first pastor.</p><br>
<p>A year later he established St. Joseph Cemetery to the northeast of the city. Godfert left the parish in 1846 and the parish was served by visiting clergy again for the next two years. Father Pelamourgues came again, as did J. G. Perodin, Joseph Cretin and John Alleman. When Hannon arrived in 1852 the foreign-born Catholic population in Iowa City was growing, especially the Germans and the Bohemians. In 1862 St. Francis Xavier Church was established for the pastoral care of Bohemian immigrants. That church burned to the ground in 1869 and the parishioners returned to St. Mary’s.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. William Emonds became pastor in 1858. During his pastorate of 32 years saw the expansion of Catholic education and the building of the present church. He also served more than the Iowa City parish. He is credited with establishing 44 parishes, and built churches in many of them.</p><br>
<p>Initially, Father Emonds extended the original church to the north for more space, but it became obvious a new church was needed. The cornerstone for the present church was laid on October 27, 1867. Hugh Gilles of Dubuque, Iowa and A. Groebel of Chicago were contracted to build the new church. The new building was built over the old church as the parish continued to worship there. When the new building&#39;s roof was completed the old structure was torn down. It took two years to build the church, although the tall spire would be completed at a later date. By the time it was dedicated the main altar, pews, pulpit and stained glass windows were in place. The new church was dedicated by Bishop John Hennessey of Dubuque on August 15, 1869 as St. Mary of the Visitation Church. It was the first consecrated church in the Diocese of Dubuque. The construction costs of the new church were $75,000. The tower was completed in 1873 and the spire and cross were added in 1874. A 17-bell carillon was added to the tower in 1885.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary’s parish was divided when other parishes were established in Iowa City. St. Patrick’s was founded in 1872 and their church was built a few blocks south of St. Mary’s in 1879. Another parish to serve the Bohemian community was established in 1891 when St. Wenceslaus was founded. St. Thomas More was founded in 1944 as the Newman Center before it became as independent parish.</p><br>
<p>The parish became a part of the Diocese of Davenport when it was established in 1881. The parish’s rectory was moved four blocks to the east in 1891 by the Rev. John F. Kempker and the following year the present rectory was built during the pastorate of Msgr. A.J. Schulte, who would serve the parish for nearly 50 years. The rectory was designed to match the church, and was built for $8,000.</p><br>
<p>Renovations were done to the church building in 1908 under Msgr. Schulte. The work included sixteen buttresses to strengthen the building, a new cross and spire were built, a basement was dug below the church, and the church interior was redecorated. A local builder and parishioner J.J. Hotz did the buttressing. The church was once again redecorated for the parish centennial in 1941 during the pastorate of Msgr. Carl Meinberg. The present pews were added at that time. Liturgical changes were made after the Second Vatican Council during the pastorate of the Rev. John Morrissey. Changes included a new altar so the priest could face the congregation. Masses were now celebrated in English rather than Latin. Another renovation of the church occurred in early 1980s under the leadership of the Rev. Henry Griener. The pipe organ was rebuilt in 1981. A parish hall was built in the basement of the church in 1982, and the church interior was redecorated in 1983. The church renovation included removal of the communion rail, new carpet, reconciliation rooms, altar, ambo and chairs. The tabernacle was moved from the high altar to a side altar. Another redecorating project occurred around 2000 by the Rev. Kenneth Kunz, which included moving the baptismal font near the front door and new carpeting.</p><br>
<p>The parish council was initiated by Father Morrissey in 1969. From 1971-1980, Father Morrissey and the Rev. Carlos Leveling served the parish as co-pastors. In 1986 the concept of sacrificial giving was introduced to the parish and it started the practice of tithing a percentage of the parish income. About the same time the parish offices were moved out of the rectory to a house just east of the church. In 1988 the church tower was reconstructed. Another house was added to the parish offices and the two buildings were renovated for expanded office space by the Rev. Thomas Doyle in 1992. At the same time the parish hired its first youth minister. Today, approximately 1,700 families belong to the parish.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was constructed of red brick on a stone foundation, and it has stone trim. The Romanesque Revival style is evoked by the use of the round arch for the entrance portals, the windows, and bell tower elements. The side elevations are seven bays in length and are divided by buttresses that are flanked by flat brick pilasters. Each bay contains a stained glass window and a corbel table just below the eaves. The east side of the church building has two brick structures that cover side entrances into the basement. On the west side is a brick structure that covers a handicap entrance into the church itself. The main facade is dominated by a two-stage, central bell tower that is capped by an octagon-shaped spire. At the base of the tower is the main entrance into the church. The tower is flanked by narrower side entrances. The three entrance portals are framed by compound round arches that feature limestone keystones and impost blocks. Above the main entrance is two pairs of round arch windows, and above them is the bell chamber whose cornices are arched to accommodate a clock on each face of the tower. The building is capped by a gable roof with no exterior apse on the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>The 65 by rectangular structure features a large open interior without columns. The arches of the vaulted ceiling rise from impost blocks that are set high on the walls. The tall wooden high altar created by Alert and Kloustie of Cincinnati features a painting of the Visitation, which is flanked by statues of Saint Patrick and Saint Boniface. Above the painting is a statue of Saint Anne with Mary as a child. On the lower level of the reredos are statues of the Four Evangelists. The small crucifix in the center is flanked by statues of angels holding grapes and wheat in reference to the elements of the Eucharist. The former altar frontal bears the images of the four great Western Church Fathers Saints Jerome, Augustine of Hippo, Ambrose and Gregory the Great. They flank an image of the Lamb and the scroll with seven seals from the Book of Revelation. The altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary was installed in 1872. The main statue of Mary is flanked by statues of Saints Bernard of Clairvaux and Bonaventure. Below them are bas-reliefs of Old Testament Prophets Moses, David, Isaiah and Ezekiel. The Saint Joseph altar was installed in 1900. The main statue of Joseph is flanked by statues of Saints Aloysius Gonzaga and Anthony of Padua. The Moline pipe organ, which is still in use, was installed in 1883 in the rear gallery. The Stations of the Cross are plaster bas-reliefs that were purchased by Father Emonds on one of his trips back to his native Germany. Along the side walls of the nave are statues of the Twelve Apostles.</p><br>
<p>The rectory is a 47 by wood-frame structure that is covered with brick veneer. The house is essentially a large box capped with a pointed hip roof. There are large gabled wall dormers that end in shoulder parapets on the east and south elevations. The main facade is asymmetrical and is dominated by a projecting window bay of the southeast corner and the large porch on the southwest corner. The porch features large semicircular brick arches that complement the church’s Romanesque Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>St. Mary's School</h2><br>
<p>In 1844 Father Godfert started the parish’s first school in the basement of the church with Miss Norma O&#39;Connor as the first teacher. The Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary arrived in Iowa City in 1860 to teach at St. Mary’s. They also opened St. Agatha’s Seminary, a school for girls, in 1861. In 1865 St. Joseph Institute, a school for advanced learning was established by Father Emonds. It was taught by lay teachers and closed around 1890.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 the parish acquired property on the corner of Clinton and Jefferson Streets. The cornerstone for the new school was laid on September 11, 1892 on that location. The new school opened in 1893 with Franciscan Sisters teaching there until 1895, when the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary again started teaching in the school. In 1897 high school grades were added to the school, and it was the first Catholic high school in Iowa to be accredited by the State University of Iowa. In 1911 an addition was built onto the school, which contained an auditorium and cafeteria. A convent was also built to house the sisters. It was replaced by the current building, now a part of the Newman Center, in 1926. The new convent was built for $33,000. St. Mary’s and St. Patrick’s high schools were consolidated in 1958 when Regina High School was opened. The St. Mary’s School building started to deteriorate, and it was closed in 1968. The school itself consolidated with the school at St. Patrick’s and used its building. The sisters remained in the St. Mary’s Convent. In 1975 the St. Mary’s school buildings and convent were sold to the diocese for use by the Newman Center. In the early 1990s an addition was made to Regina High School and the elementary and junior high school grades are moved from St. Patrick’s.</p><br>
<p>The school building had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Mary&#39;s High School in 1977. It was removed in 1997 after the buildings had been torn down.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The Moline pipe organ (1883) is located in a gallery-level case at the back of the church. It features a traditional style console with a keyboard cover that can be lifted to become the music rack and an attached keydesk en fenêtre. It is equipped with three manuals, 31 stops, 30 ranks, slider chests, mechanical key action, and mechanical stop action. The drawknobs are arraigned in horizontal rows on terraced/stepped jambs. The balanced swell shoes/pedals are not in standard AGO position. The combination action is a fixed mechanical system and there is a flat straight pedalboard. The historic pipe organ was restored in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Stoplist:</p><br>
<p>GREAT 58</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Double Open Diapason TC 46m</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Contra Bass 12m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Open Diapason 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Viol di Gamba 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Hohl Flute 58w</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Principal 58m</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Flute Harmonic 58m</p><br>
<p>2.2/3&#39; Twelfth 58m</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Fifteenth 58m</p><br>
<p>IV Rks. Mixture 232m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet 58m</p><br>
<p>SWELL 58 enclosed</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Lieblich Gedact TC 46w</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Lieblich Bourdon 12w</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Open Diapason 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Salicional 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Quintadena 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Stopped Diapason 58w&m</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Fugara 58m</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Flauto Traverso 58w&m</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Flautino 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Oboe (BB) 47m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bassoon (CC-AA#) 11m</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>CHOIR 58 unenclosed</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Dulciana 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Keraulophon (1-7 from Melodia) 51m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Melodia 58w</p><br>
<p>4 Flute d Amour 58w&m</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Flageolet 58m</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Clarionette TC 46m</p><br>
<p>PEDALE 27</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Grand Open Diapason 27w</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Bass 27w</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bass Flute ext., 12w</p><br>
<p>Pedale Check</p><br>
<p>COUPLERS</p><br>
<p>Swell to Great</p><br>
<p>Choir to Great</p><br>
<p>Swell to Choir</p><br>
<p>Swell to Pedale</p><br>
<p>Great to Pedale</p><br>
<p>Choir to Pedale</p><br>
<p>COMPOSITION PEDALS</p><br>
<p>Piano to Great</p><br>
<p>Mezzo to Great</p><br>
<p>Forte to Great</p><br>
<p>Swell Mezzo (original label missing)</p><br>
<p>Forte to Swell</p><br>
<p>Great to Pedale (reversible)</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone House Museum, a student dormitory once known as Athenian Hall, is a museum run by the Orleans County Historical Society in Brownington, Vermont. The building is a part of the Brownington Village Historic District, a district of ten historic buildings added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone House, or Athenian Hall, was built in 1836 by Alexander Twilight, the nation&#39;s first African-American college graduate. Twilight was the minister of the Brownington Congregational Church and the principal of the Orleans County Grammar School.</p><br>
<p>The Orleans County Grammar School was the only high school in the county which required many students to travel long distances for their education. They boarded with families in town, including Twilight&#39;s. Athenian Hall was built to accommodate the larger number of students attending the Grammar School.</p><br>
<p>Twilight pressed his board of trustees for a larger building but failed to receive support from the majority. He alienated many of the trustees by his adamancy, and the building was left completely to Twilight. In 1834, he laid out a foundation plan for land donated by Cyrus Eaton across the road from his house. It called for a four story granite building measuring 26 by. Over the following two years the present stone house was erected following the lines and general appearance of a similar building, quite possibly Painter Hall at Middlebury College; however, detailed information is not available on how the granite structure was built.</p><br>
<p>Twilight began building in 1834 and finished two years later. From 1836 to 1859, the building was used as a dormitory for school children, boys and girls. Due to diminishing school enrollment Athenian Hall was closed for good in 1859. For a brief time Mercy Ladd Merrill Twilight continued to live there with a few boarders. She then continued alone until she moved to Derby in 1865. When she died in 1878 she was buried next to her husband in Brownington.</p><br>
<p>The building stayed vacant until in 1918 when the Stone House was put up for auction. A representative of the railroad in the state of Vermont bid on the structure with the hopes of using the granite stones for bridge abutments. The Orleans County Historical Society bid at the price of $500 (the equivalent of $ in current dollars) and won the auction. The building was opened as a museum in 1925. The attached barn was torn down in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The building has four floors with twenty-two rooms of exhibits. It is dedicated to the history of the last two centuries in Orleans County, Vermont, and to the life of Alexander Twilight, the first African-American college graduate in the USA and state legislator.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St John the Baptist in Yeovil, Somerset, England was built in the late 14th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The tower, which was built around 1480, is 92 ft high, in 4-stages with set back offset corner buttresses. It is thought that the work was supervised by William Wynford, master mason of Wells. to relieve the pressures on St John the Baptist church. In 1863, pressures on space in the graveyard were alleviated by the opening of Preston Road cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The church is capped by openwork balustrading matching the parapets which are from the 19th century, when major reconstruction work was undertaken from 1851-1860. There are two-light late 14th century windows on all sides at bell-ringing and bell-chamber levels, the latter having fine pierced stonework grilles. There is a stair turret to the north-west corner, with a Weather vane termination. The tower contains two bells dating from 1728 and made by Thomas Bilbie of the Bilbie family in Chew Stoke. The "Great Bell" was recast from 4,502 lb to 4,992 lb.</p><br>
<p>Because of the state of some of the external masonry the church has been added to the Heritage at Risk register.</p><br>
<p>Unusually, the stained glass windows include a depiction of a lone Judas Iscariot with a dark halo. Inside the church is a brass reading desk originally made in East Anglia.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of a benefice with St Andrew with the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Margaret in Tintinhull, Somerset, England dates from the 13th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>There was a church in the village during the 12th century which was replaced by the present building. It was associated with Montacute Priory, as part of its foundation estate which was granted by William, Count of Mortain and remained linked to the Priory until the dissolution of the monasteries.</p><br>
<p>The original building was remodelled with the addition of a chancel arch in the 14th century, with the perpendicular windows of the nave being added in the 15th. The interior includes a 15th-century octagonal font and an altar table and octagonal panelled timber pulpit from the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>It has a four-stage tower with the top stage, parapet and the north-east stair turret being added to the original 13th-century work during 1516 and 1517. The earlier three-stage tower is in the Early English Period and supported by angle buttresses. The tower has five bells.</p><br>
<p>It has the old parsonage, which is now called Tintinhull Court.</p><br>
<p>The church is now part of the United Benefice of Tintinhull, Chilthorne Domer, Yeovil Marsh & Thorne Coffin, within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse Falls is a waterfall in Western North Carolina, located near Balsam Grove.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Courthouse Creek flows near in the Pisgah National Forest near a mountain called the Devil&#39;s Courthouse. Courthouse Creek flows through a narrow chute into a natural amphitheater of bedrock.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The falls are accessible to the general public on a trail of moderate difficulty. To reach the falls, either go down NC Highway 215 for 6.5 miles south from the Blue Ridge Parkway and turn left onto Forest Road 140 (Courthouse Creek Road). Go 3 miles down the road and park on the right just after crossing the bridge over Courthouse Creek. Follow the marked trail for.36 miles to the falls, which will be on the left.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby falls</h2><br>
<p>About 1.4 miles from NC 215 on Forest Road 140, on the way to Courthouse Falls, is a 200&#39; high waterfall on a side stream of the North Fork French Broad River.</p><br>
<p>Upper Courthouse Falls is another waterfall further upstream on Courthouse Creek. The trail is overgrown and the falls are difficult to reach.</p><br>
<p>Other falls in the region include:</p><br>
<p>Chestnut Falls</p><br>
<p>Kiesee Falls</p><br>
<p>Dill Falls</p><br>
<p>French Broad and Mill Shoals Falls</p><br>
<p>Bird Rock Falls</p><br>
<p>Eastatoe Falls</p><br>
<p>Seven Fingered Jack is a mountain in the North Cascades in the USA state of Washington. It is located at the north end of the Entiat Mountains, a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is part of a three-peak group called the Entiat Cirque which includes Mount Maude and Mount Fernow. Seven Fingered Jack is about 4 mi south of Holden. The peak is in the Glacier Peak Wilderness of Wenatchee National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Sources differ over the height of Seven Fingered Jack. Peakbagger.com says it is 9,100 ft, peakware.com says 9,077 ft, and the United States Geological Survey cites 9,022 ft in its Geographic Names Information System database. and fourteenth-highest, according to peakware.com.</p><br>
<p>Seven Fingered Jack is the second-highest and middle of the three peaks of the Entiat Cirque, the other two being Mount Maude and Mount Fernow. All three are over 9,000 ft. Together they form a high, curved ridge from which the headwaters of the Entiat River flow eastward. There are a number of glaciers on Seven Fingered Jack and its neighbors, including Entiat Glacier. Streams flowing down the east and south sides of the mountain enter Spider Meadows, through which flows Phelps Creek, a tributary of the Chiwawa River, which flows south to the Wenatchee River. Thus Seven Fingered Jack sits on the boundary between the drainage basins of the Entiat and Wenatchee rivers. Both rivers are tributaries of the Columbia River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Seven Fingered Jack was once called the Entiat Needles, after their distinctive craggy granite summits. It was given its present name by Albert H. Sylvester, who served as a USGS topographer and then, from 1908–1931, with the Forest Service as the Forest Supervisor of the Wenatchee National Forest. Over the course of his career he gave over 3,000 names in the region.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin Township Hall, also referred to historically as the "Town Hall", is a town hall located in Kent, Ohio, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building, located along Gougler Avenue in central Kent near the Cuyahoga River, was built in 1837 and has served as the seat of government for Franklin Township since 1840. It is best known for being the location where James A. Garfield was nominated for his first political office in 1859.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1837 as an office for the Franklin Silk Company, which had been started on the belief that Kent (then known as Franklin Mills) would become a manufacturing center for the silk industry. This proved incorrect and the Panic of 1837 combined with northeast Ohio&#39;s unfavorable climate for silkworms led to the business failing. Franklin Township then purchased the building and finished it in 1840 to serve as the home of the township government.</p><br>
<h3>James A. Garfield</h3><br>
<p>On August 23, 1859, the hall was the site of a local Republican Party convention to nominate a state senator. The meeting produced a deadlock, and so to break it, James A. Garfield, who had not held any political office up to that point, was nominated. Garfield would go on to win the election as the state senator for an area which included Portage and Summit counties.</p><br>
<h3>Other uses</h3><br>
<p>Franklin Township Hall would serve as home to several schools in Kents history, including a small private school beginning in 1857 prior to the establishment of a public school system. In the fall of 1868 through March 1869 the building was the first home of Kent High School due to construction delays on the new Union school building one block west. The second floor was later used as a school, known as "Riverview School" or "River Street School", for fifth and sixth graders during the late 1910s due to overcrowding at the other Kent public schools. From 1953–1978 the building was the location of the offices for the Kent City School District. During that time, the building was heavily damaged by a fire in 1971 which caused US$20,000 in damage. The hall also served as a meeting place for some of Kents religious bodies including early meetings of the local Roman Catholic parish from 1862–1868 and the Universalist Church from 1866–1868. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1975.</p><br>
<p>Apple Island is a 35 acre island that lies in the middle of Orchard Lake, in Orchard Lake Village, Michigan. The island was formed during the region&#39;s last ice age, 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Over 400 species of flora currently inhabit the island, including many rare varieties in Oakland County. Native Americans previously inhabited Apple Island, until ceding the island to the United States in the Treaty of Detroit. Currently, the West Bloomfield School District uses the island as an educational nature center.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Apple Island is a 37 acre island, spanning three-eighths of a mile in length and a quarter of a mile in width. The islands highest point is 960 ft in elevation, approximately 31 ft above the normal elevation of Orchard Lake. The islands formation traces back to the recession of the region’s last ice age glacier 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Apple Island Sanctuary contains examples of every type of ecological system identified within the southeastern Michigan region. Over 400 species of flora live upon the island, including many rare varieties in Oakland County.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>In the 1930s an Apple Island resident discovered a French-made spun pewter bowl while plowing his cornfield. The bowl was filled with wampum, and was constructed in the late 18th century or early 19th century. The bowl was probably a gift from the French to the Native Americans. The Cranbrook Collection currently houses the artifact.</p><br>
<p>Several one-meter-square test pits dug on the west side of the island in 1997 yielded pottery and stone tools. No evidence however exists that pottery production ever occurred on the island, nor is there a local source of flint or other stone suitable for the manufacturing of tools. Accordingly, these items were most likely brought to the island. These artifacts signal the influence of early Europeans on the area’s native population. Many of these silver trade items were recovered during archaeological excavations on the island in June 2000. A third dig conducted in August 2008 concluded that, "t is currently impossible to determine how often or for how long the site was occupied by American Indians or exactly when this may have occurred. It is most likely that the site area was one of the many local archaeological sites various American Indian groups used casually and ephemerally during the 15th or 16th or even the early 17th century and then occupied again, possibly by very different peoples, some time around the last half of the 18th or the early 19th century. But it is also possible that 200K52/476 is one of those extremely rare sites occupied between 1625 AD and 1725 AD when both aboriginal stone-working and ceramic manufacturing technologies and European trade co-existed. Only carefully planned and executed archaeological excavation and professional analyses documenting undisturbed deposits can determine the facts regarding the potential importance of this site on Apple Island."</p><br>
<p>Local folklore recounts Ottawa Chief Pontiac&#39;s burial on the island. To test the validity of these accounts, a limited excavation was conducted on a site the islanders referred to as "Pontiacs Mound" during a 2008 excavation. The results of the test suggested that it "appears to be only one of several rather level promontories extending without discernible interruption from the central plateau of the island toward northwestern shore. While additional deep testing may reveal other information, at this time the most appropriate hypothesis is to regard all of these adjacent landforms as non-cultural portions of the higher soils, dissected by centuries of natural headward erosion and downslope weathering."</p><br>
<h2>Menahsagorning</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Samuel M. Leggett’s epic poem, circulated in 1909, first makes light of the fact that the island was once known as Me-Nah-Sa-Gor-Ning. The poem chronicles an insane Native American maiden’s devotion to her deceased husband, and her subsequent murder at the hands of her tribe. Leggett claimed that his poem formalized popular lore.</p><br>
<p>According to one writer, a lake in Oakland County was called Menahsagorning, "apple place" by the Native Americans because of the nearby apple trees and orchards. (Baraga’s dictionary defines mishiminatig as ‘apple tree.’) Early white settlers consequently named the body of water located there "Orchard Lake", as well as the town established there in 1827. The penultimate syllable of the aboriginal name is probably corrupted, because the "r" sound is not a part of the Three Fires language. In short, whatever words Native Americans actually used to refer to the island remain a mystery.</p><br>
<p>Samuel W. Durant’s 1877 publication, The History of Oakland County Michigan, first mentions that Apple Island and 107 acre on Orchard Lake’s south shore were reservation lands. Durant does not indicate his source for this statement, and no independent source verifies this assertion. All subsequent publications have relied on Durant as the authority for this proposition.</p><br>
<h2>Native American Settlement</h2><br>
<p>Native American discovery of Apple Island may have happened 2,000 years ago. They may have been drawn to the island because of the security and abundant resources that the land provided. While which Native American tribes inhabited the site prior to white settlement is unknown, each tribe left artifacts as to its way of life; the entire West Bloomfield lakes area has yielded many hammerstones, chert spearheads and bird stones left by Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>The Treaty of Detroit, negotiated on November 17, 1807, surrendered land consisting of approximately the southeast quarter of the lower peninsula of present-day Michigan and a small section of present-day Ohio from the Odawa, Ojibwe, Wyandot, and Potawatomi to the United States government. The eventual settlers to this island remarked that Native Americans frequently visited the island, and referred to the area in their language as “apple place.”</p><br>
<p>When deposed in 1856, Chief Okemos stated, “I was born in Michigan, near Pontiac, on an island in a lake… I was 30 years old when I left the place I was born.” Okemos&#39;s reference may have been to Apple Island.</p><br>
<h2>White Settlement</h2><br>
<h3>James Galloway</h3><br>
<p>After Native Americans ceded the island to the United States in the Treaty of Detroit, James Galloway of Palmyra, New York purchased the island on June 18, 1827 at the price of eleven shillings, eight pence per acre. Galloway probably never lived on the island, because his name is absent from the 1830 census of the Michigan Territory. One of his sons however eventually settled east of Pontiac. Galloway’s last will and testament, dated November 19, 1838, states: “I give to my said daughter Julia Ann Galloway all that piece of land, called Apple Island in Orchard Lake. So called, situated in the state of Michigan, and not many miles from Pontiac.” West Bloomfield records show that “non-resident” Joseph Allen, Julia Ann Galloway’s husband, paid $1.23 in taxes on the island in 1847.</p><br>
<h3>William Dow</h3><br>
<p>In 1830, William Dow accompanied by his parents and siblings immigrated to the area from Fife, Scotland. The family settled on 270 acre on the isthmus between Orchard and Cass lakes, in sections 9 and 10. Dow was probably the first white person to live on the island, and the first members of what would later be known as the “Scotch settlement.” On August 19, 1847 William Dow purchased Apple Island from the Allens for $1,050. In 1849, Dow paid taxes based partly on personal property associated with the parcel. Dow spent his final years as a farmer in West Bloomfield after later selling his property to John Coats. William Dow died on January 2, 1862 and is buried in Pontiac’s Oak Hill Cemetery.</p><br>
<h3>John Coats</h3><br>
<p>John Coats subsequently purchased the island on June 25, 1851 for $1,600. Coats immigrated from Paisley, Scotland, and was the youngest son of cotton thread innovator James Coats. Two of John Coats’ brothers, James and Peter, formed the J & P Coats Thread Co. In the late 1840s, John Coats came to the island to act as an agent for his brothers’ company. He was a founding member of Detroit’s St. Andrew’s Society in 1849, and co-owner of Jack & Coats, a wholesale and retail dry-goods store on Jefferson Avenue. After Coats&#39;s left his business, he built a single-story Greek Revival home on the island’s highest point. Coats eventually returned to Scotland when his son James was old enough to attend school.</p><br>
<h3>Colin Campbell</h3><br>
<p>On August 27, 1856 John Coats sold the island to Colin Campbell for $3,050. Campbell was a successful Scottish dry goods merchant with a store on Jefferson and a founding member of the St. Andrew’s Society. Campbell’s extended family and friends lived on the island for almost 60 years. Extensive gardens and orchards were planted, and many new structures were built. However the island retained some of its historic feel by remaining free from electricity, telephones and indoor plumbing.Campbell Harvey Manuscript.</p><br>
<p>Colin Campbell&#39;s wife Caroline was instrumental in the formation of Orchard Lake Community Church, Presbyterian in 1871.</p><br>
<h3>The Wards</h3><br>
<p>David Ward was trained by his father to be a surveyor. In 1863, Ward moved to a farm at Orchard Lake after his prosecution of "log thieves" caused his children to be harassed. Ward lived at the farm, except in the winter when business required him to return to Detroit.</p><br>
<p>Ward’s son Willis published his own book, “Orchard Lake and its Island,” in 1942. The book recounts stories of many Orchard Lake families, and how diverse wildlife once occupied the area. Willis Wards children, Marjorie Ward Strong and Harold Lee Ward, inherited the island after their fathers death in 1943. After Ward Strong died in 1970, the island was conveyed to its present owner, the West Bloomfield School District, for use as an educational nature center.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>This material was originally compiled for the Greater West Bloomfield Historical Society for the Winter,. The material was further revised in May 2006 and became part of the historical society&#39;s Pocket Professor series.</p><br>
<p>Old High Middle School is in the building which was once Bentonville High School, and is located at 406 NW 2nd Street, Bentonville, Arkansas. Construction costs when it was built in 1928 were $25,000. It was designed by John Parks Almand, in a combination of Spanish Colonial, Mission and Mediterranean styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 as Bentonville High School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main structure was built in 1928. After years of serving as an elementary and high school campus, in 1990 Old High Middle School was established. 1990-1991 also brought about renovations to the beloved auditorium. The Bentonville/Bella Vista Rotary Club worked with the community to renovate the original structure with one third of the monies raised coming from a concert by New Kids on the Block. In May 2015, Old High Middle School&#39;s auditorium was chosen as one of the venues for the. After many preparations to the school, including refinishing the stage, touch-up painting, and updating the dressing rooms backstage, it was concluded that the popularity of the film festival demanded a larger venue. In May 2016, Old High did play host to the successful Bentonville Film Festival including actress Geena Davis.</p><br>
<h2>Academics</h2><br>
<p>Old High Middle School teaches more than 600 students in grades five through six. The staff is committed to excellence and making data-driven decisions, which support a student’s academic, social, emotional, and artistic qualities. The school&#39;s top three priorities are relationships, literacy, and calculated risk taking. Old High is organized by into which students are placed. Jeffrey Wasem is the Principal. Jason Brunner is the Assistant Principal. Mr. Brunner was selected as the Arkansas Assistant Principal of the Year for 2013-2014 by the.</p><br>
<h2>Clubs</h2><br>
<p>Art Club</p><br>
<p>The recycled arts club is available to fifth graders and sponsored by Mr. Dezaldivar.</p><br>
<p>Chess Club</p><br>
<p>Old High Middle Schools Chess Club is open to all students who love to play chess or want to learn. Chess Club does not hold competitions (at the present time). Students are welcome to join Chess Club at any time during the year. Chess Club meets Thursday mornings in the library. This club is sponsored by Carie OBanion.</p><br>
<p>Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA)</p><br>
<p>Teacher/Volunteer-Mentored Book Clubs</p><br>
<p>Girls On The Run</p><br>
<p>Girls On The Run meets every Monday and Wednesday after school. The coaches are Natalie Young, Kate Chambers, Mary Cabrera, and Laura Merriman.</p><br>
<p>Knightly Gardeners</p><br>
<p>The Knightly Gardeners meet once a month during lunch to learn about plants and processes used in gardening. The Bentonville Garden Club sends a different expert each month to work with the student gardeners. Julie Knight is the chairman for the Youth in Education Committee who support the club with projects and experts. Students also work after school on occasion to help keep the Butterfly Garden and other areas around the school beautiful. This club provides for a great community partnership between Old High Middle School and the Bentonville Garden Club. Knightly Gardeners is sponsored by Penny Holland.</p><br>
<p>MATHCOUNTS Club</p><br>
<p>MATHCOUNTS Club is open to all 6th grade students who are interested in challenging their math minds! Student Mathletes will train and compete in competitions at the regional and state levels. Five of the eight competition team members from the 2014-2015 school year advanced to compete at the state level.</p><br>
<p>Odyssey of the Mind</p><br>
<p>Old High Middle School&#39;s team is coached by Tina Hoisington. The 2014-2015 team went on to compete at the state level and was awarded the coveted Ranatra Fusca for exemplary creativity in problem solving.</p><br>
<p>Student Council</p><br>
<p>Student Council members are "elected" within their homeroom classes. Student Council is sponsored by Ron Seim and Laura Linares.</p><br>
<p>Technology Club</p><br>
<p>Technology Club is open to all 6th grade students who are interested in technology or want to learn about technology! Technology Club has Skyped with employees from Google and has been visited by a Senior Computer Engineer from Walmart. Students also get the opportunity to practice coding.</p><br>
<p>The Giving Tree Club</p><br>
<p>The Giving Tree Club&#39;s concept is based on Shel Silverstein’s book, “The Giving Tree,” about a tree that finds joy in giving without expecting anything in return. Students of the Giving Tree come up with numerous great ideas for projects to help others. From cleaning up litter to helping others in need, this club is all about service. The Giving Tree invites guest speakers from various organizations to come in throughout the year to talk to Old High Middle School students about ways they can help the school, the community, and the world.</p><br>
<p>YESKIES</p><br>
<p>The motto for this club is "Knowledge is Power!" This club is sponsored by Ron Seim.</p><br>
<p>Eastatoe Falls is a waterfall in Western North Carolina, United States, located on private property near Rosman.</p><br>
<h2>Shoal Creek</h2><br>
<p>Shoal Creek rises in the Pisgah National Forest between Nancy Mountain and Burnt Mountain near the Eastatoe Gap. The creek descends over 200 feet over a quarter mile, culminating in the 60 foot series of drops over granite bedrock at Eastatoe Falls. The creek continues on past the falls to join with other tributaries to form the Middle Fork French Broad River.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>Eastatoe was the local Cherokee word for the Carolina parakeet, and was the name of a local tribe of Cherokee. Ownership of the falls has changed throughout the years, as has the name. The falls has been called Will Hines Falls, Shoal Creek Falls, and Rosman Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting the falls</h2><br>
<p>The falls is located on private property whose owners allow access.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby falls</h2><br>
<p>Claypole Falls drains the cove to the west of Eastatoe Falls, but is located on private property and is not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>Buttermilk Falls is located on private property off of State Road 1105.</p><br>
<p>Other falls in the region include:</p><br>
<p>Pounding Mill Falls</p><br>
<p>Chestnut Falls</p><br>
<p>Kiesee Falls</p><br>
<p>Dill Falls</p><br>
<p>French Broad and Mill Shoals Falls</p><br>
<p>Bird Rock Falls</p><br>
<p>Courthouse Falls</p><br>
<p>Boren Mill Shoals</p><br>
<p>Gravely Falls</p><br>
<p>Sihl Valley  is a river valley and belongs to the Zimmerberg-Sihltal region located in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Commonly Sihltal is used as the name of the Lower Sihl Valley, i.e. the area in the southwest of the city of Zürich.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>In common</h3><br>
<p>The area alongside Lake Zürich had been formed as the left moraine of the Ice Age glacier, the bed of which is now the Lake Zürich and the valley of the Sihl. Sihl valley is extensively wooded, but also cultivated and heavily populated in its lower parts. The Sihl is the name of a 68 km long river located in the cantons of Schwyz (SZ) and Zürich (ZH). The valley compromises parts of the districts of Einsiedeln (SZ) (upper Sihl valley), Horgen (ZH) and Zürich. The region of the valley comprises about 250 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h3>Upper Sihl Valley</h3><br>
<p>Sihl rises at Drusberg near Hoch-Ybrig in the canton of Schwyz, passes the 8.5 km long Sihlsee near Einsiedeln, Sunnegg near Biberbrugg and Schindellegi.</p><br>
<h3>Lower Sihl Valley</h3><br>
<p>Now it enters the canton of Zurich, nearby Samstagern passing Hütten and the rapid called Sihlsprung situated in Schönenberg, flowing through the valley between the Zimmerberg and Albis chains. Near Sihlbrugg, the rivers passes the Sihlwald, the largest remaining deciduous forest of the Swiss Plateau, located between Sihlbrugg and Zürich-Leimbach. The Sihl flows in Zürich underneath Zürich Hauptbahnhof – parts of the train station are built below the Sihl – before joining the Limmat at Platzspitz park located at the Swiss National Museum.</p><br>
<p>The break of the concrete dam of the Sihlsee could lead, according to studies, to an 8 m high flood wave reaching the city of Zürich, the biggest city in Switzerland, within 1.5 hours (Leimbach), its inner city (2 hours) and Zürich-Altstetten within 3 hours.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>As part of a floristic mapping, the territory of the Sihl Valley between the city of Zürich and Höhronen was mapped by the Institute for the conservation of the Canton of Zürich on an area of 249 square kilometers. The so-called report "Flora des Sihltals von der Stadt Zürich bis zum Höhronen" includes 2109 species, including 611 frequent crops and ornamental plants or accidentally introduced species which grow wild at most locally and in the short term. 1498 species are, or were at least 30 years during the last 160 years in stable populations exist. Of which 177 or 13% are now extinct, and 284 have been re-introduced and introduced. In all, the flora has become more species-ric, however, 42% of the previous species have decreased and only 30% show an increasing trend.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Sihltal is a well-known recreation area and popular for hiking and biking tours along Sihl and in the surrounding hills between the chains of Höhronen, Albis-Felsenegg and Zimmerberg.</p><br>
<h2>Zimmerberg-Sihltal region</h2><br>
<p>The term "Region Zimmerberg-Sihltal" usually refers to the mountain, the area and plateau between Kilchberg–Richterswil–Samstagern on Lake Zürich and the Shil valley. This region includes the municipalities respectively villages of Adliswil, Hirzel, Horgen, Hütten, Kilchberg, Langnau am Albis, Oberrieden, Richterswil, Rüschlikon, Samstagern, Schönenberg, Sihlbrugg, Thalwil and Wädenswil.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The lower Sihl valley has an excellent local transportation network: Zimmerberg bus line (Zimmerbergbus) and Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn (SZU) are providing the local public transportation in the Sihl valley, in addition to the Luftseilbahn Adliswil-Felsenegg (LAF for short or commonly Felseneggbahn), an aerial tramway connecting Adliswil and Felsenegg. Sihlbrugg train station is a nodal point of the SBB-CFF-FFS-Gotthardbahn and Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn (SZU) railways. Sihlbrugg Dorf (Sihlwald) is the terminal station of the Zürich S-Bahn on the line S4 (SZU) and a stop on the line S21 to Zürich Hauptbahnhof (VBZ). Nearby the city of Zürich, additional bus lines are provided by the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich. It is also important as terminal of the A4 motorway between Zug and the canton of Zürich, and of five regional streets in the Sihltal to Zürich, Zug, Langnau am Albis and to Wädenswil (Hirzel Pass).</p><br>
<p>First Trust Building and Garage, also known as Lloyds Bank, is a historic 1927 building located on Colorado Boulevard in Pasadena, California. The building was designed by Cyril Bennett and Fitch Haskell; its design incorporates the Mediterranean Revival, Renaissance Revival, and Beaux-Arts styles. The design features decorative exterior stonework, a red tile hip roof topped with a cupola, and a frieze and balustrade on the south facade. The buildings interior is decorated with murals depicting scenes from around Pasadena. Caltech professor R. R. Martel designed the building&#39;s earthquake-proof support system, which uses steel beams and girders with reinforcing concrete; the system was considered an important advancement in earthquake-proof construction and became a standard form of construction.</p><br>
<p>The First Trust Building and Garage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Washington Avenue Historic District is the historic center of Cedarburg, Wisconsin, the location of the early industry and commerce that was key to the community&#39;s development. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The district has 80 contributing buildings and one contributing structure in a 28 acre area. Many of the buildings in this district that were built between the 1840s and the early 1900s were built out of locally mined limestone and fieldstone. Of these buildings, many are in vernacular style, but three other architectural styles are represented: Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mills and Cedarburg Mill, which are listed separately on the NRHP.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In 1842 Ludwig Groth bought land that would become the village of Cedarburg and in 1844 platted the village. Fredrick Hilgen arrived in 1844 and built a gristmill on Cedar Creek. Over the years, Hilgen also started a sawmill, a planing factory, and a woolen mill. In 1870 the Milwaukee and Northern Railway arrived, opening up new markets. In 1885 the city of Cedarburg incorporated.</p><br>
<h2>Some Pivotal Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mill and the Cedarburg Mill are separately entered in the NRHP. These are also considered "pivotal" by the NRHP nomination:</p><br>
<p>The Cedarburg Brewery Complex at W62 N714-730 Riveredge Drive was begun in the 1840s, making it one of the oldest breweries in southeast Wisconsin. The main brewery was built in 1847-48 of locally quarried limestone. The Greek Revival-styled Brewmaster&#39;s House also has limestone walls, 18 inches thick and covered with Cream City bricks. The brewery stables and two-story smokehouse also remain. The complex is also known as the Weber family brewery and the Engels and Schaefer brewery.</p><br>
<p>The ca. 1849 Kuhefuss/Fischer house is one of the oldest houses in Cedarburg. Built in 1849 by the Kuhefuss family, the house originally had only two rooms and was made of wood. In 1864, an addition made of locally quarried limestone was added. Five generations of the Kuhefuss family lived in the house before it was donated to the Cedarburg Cultural Center in 1989. The house was remodeled and became a museum in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The ca. 1853 Jurgen Schroeder Residence at W62 N589 Washington Ave is a two-story Cream City brick house, in style rather restrained except for the front porch. The porch has chamfered posts, scroll-sawn ornamentation, and cast iron cresting above.</p><br>
<p>The 1853 William H. Schroeder Residence at W62 N560-562 Washington Ave is a two-story brick-clad building in Greek Revival style, with matching additions from 1939 and 1965.</p><br>
<p>The 1853 Stagecoach Inn at W61 N520 Washington Ave is now a bed and breakfast located in the Washington Avenue Historic District. It was built by Henry C. Nero as a stage coach stop on the road between Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Green Bay, Wisconsin. The inn was built in vernacular style from locally quarried limestone. When it was first built, the inn housed a pub and guest rooms and had a stable and blacksmith shop next to it. The inn was restored in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Horneffer Residence/German Free School at W62 N593-595 Washington Ave was originally the home of Colonel Horneffer, who founded the Washington House in 1846. In 1854 he opened the German Free School in his home. The building is loosely Greek Revival style, with walls of rough-cut limestone framed by dressed stone pilasters and lintels.</p><br>
<p>The ca. 1860 Stone House Gifts building at W63 N684-686 Washington Ave is Italianate-styled, with walls of laid stone with dressed corner quoins. It was originally built as a residence, but has since been converted to a shop.</p><br>
<p>The D. Wittenberg Residence at W64 N707 Washington Ave is a two-story Italianate house built in 1864. Wittenberg was a German immigrant and the president of Cedarburg Woolen Mill.</p><br>
<p>The Hendschel and Jochem Building at W62 N575-579 Washington Ave is a two-story building constructed of rough cut stone about 1865. The roof has paired gables, with paired brackets and cornice returns, with a lunette in each gable. Houses Chocolate Factory, as of 2017.</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church at N45 W6105 Hamilton Rd is a Romanesque Revival-styled church built of locally quarried limestone in 1870 by the largely Irish Catholic parish.</p><br>
<p>Hoehn Furniture Store and Residence at W62 N582 Washington Ave is a two-story cream brick building built in 1870 in Italianate style, with returned cornices and an elliptical window in the gable end. After housing the furniture store, it became the Farmer and Merchants Bank.</p><br>
<p>H. Groths Hardware at W63 N696 Washington Ave is a two-story building with a hip roof. Constructed in 1873 with walls of coursed limestone and Italianate decoration, it initially housed Groths a hardware store. In 1880 John Bruss opened a dry goods and grocery store in part of the building.</p><br>
<p>Lehmann Bros. Hardware Store at W62 N588A Washington Ave is a three-story Italianate-style limestone-clad commercial building erected in 1874 by C. W. and Julius Lehmann, with cast-iron Corinthian columns and a triangular pediment. The first story housed a hardware store and workshop, the second floor a residence, and the third a meeting hall.</p><br>
<p>Hoffmann&#39;s Meat Market at W62 N601 Washington Ave is a two-story stone and brick store with hip roof built in 1875. It resembles the Groth building, built two years before. The Hoffmans operated the meat market for a century.</p><br>
<p>Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church at W61 N498 Washington Ave is a Gothic Revival-styled church built of local limestone in 1882. The steeple tower is buttressed, with a rose window and a 3000-pound bell.</p><br>
<p>The Kuhefuss Union House Hotel at W62 N557 Washington Ave was built in 1883 in Italianate style, with arched windows and a corbelled cornice.</p><br>
<p>The Conrad Weisler Hotel at W61 N491-493 Washington Ave is an 1885 three-story Queen Anne-styled building with cream brick on the first two stories and the third story clad in shingles. The second floor has an Oriel window.</p><br>
<p>The William Schroeder Residence at W62 N591 Washington Ave is a Queen Anne-style house built in 1885. The exterior is covered with different textures of clapboard and wood shingles; other elements include the unusual decoration of the gable and the ogee arch entry to the porch.</p><br>
<p>The Washington House Inn at W62 N571-573 Washington Ave is now a 34-room bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The Leopold E Jochem House at W63 N675 Washington Ave is a full Queen Anne design built in 1891. It has a two-story bay window, a corner tower, and decorative shingles in the gable. The rounded porch is more classically styled, with fluted columns and denticulated cornice. Leopold operated a general store.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Public School at W63 N643 Washington Ave is a four-story Richardsonian Romanesque building designed by William Hilgen of Cedarburg and built in 1894. It has a five-story tower and frame bargeboards on the gable ends. As of 2017, the building housed the Cedarburg Senior Center.</p><br>
<p>The John Nieman Residence at W61 N469 Washington Ave is a three-story red brick home built in 1907 in Queen Anne style, with matching garage.</p><br>
<p>The Cedarburg Fire Station, City Hall, Jail at W61 N619-623 Washington Ave was built in 1908 of Cream City brick. Most striking is its five-story hose-drying tower.</p><br>
<p>The Cedarburg High School at W63 N645 Washington Ave is another school designed by William Hilgen and clad in rock-faced limestone. Built in 1908, it has more classical stylings than the Lincoln School mentioned above, with pilasters, modillions, arches, and Diocletian windows. The building houses the city hall.</p><br>
<p>John Armbruster Jewelry Store at W62 N620 Washington Ave is a two-story store built in 1908 and clad in terra cotta tile, with two shallow Oriel windows on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Cedarburg State Bank at W62 N570 Washington Ave is a Romanesque Revival-styled limestone-clad bank built in 1908 by mason John Vollmar and builder Albert Knuppel. This was the first building in Cedarburg built specifically to house a bank.</p><br>
<p>Advent Lutheran Church at W63 N642 Washington Ave is a Romanesque Revival-styled church designed by William Hilgen and built in 1909. This was the first English-language Lutheran congregation in the mostly German community.</p><br>
<p>Wadham&#39;s Filling Station at N58 W6189 Columbia Rd is a small gas station built in 1926. The design, based on a prototype by Milwaukee architect Alexander Eschweiler, suggests a Japanese pagoda.</p><br>
<h2>Lincoln and Washington Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Lincoln and Washington buildings were built to be used as public schools. The Lincoln building, constructed in 1894, was originally intended to serve grades one through twelve, but as a result of the growing population of Cedarburg, a high school was built not far from the Lincoln Building. This building, named the Washington Building, was constructed in 1908. The Lincoln Building then only served first through eighth graders. Later the first though fifth graders were moved to the Hacker Building, just west and south along the school campus playground. In 1956, when the high school, was moved to its current location, and grades four and five occupied the Washington Building, with grades six through eight housed in the Lincoln Building. The grade school complex included a red brick gymnasium facing on Washington Ave. Eventually a new elementary school was built, the Westlawn Elementary School. The middle school, serving sixth and seventh graders, took over the Washington and Hacker buildings and still controlled the Lincoln building and the gymnasium. Sixth graders were taught in the Hacker building. The seventh grade was divided into two groups. One group went to the Lincoln Building, the other to the Washington building. Students at both schools shared the gymnasium. In 1973, the middle school was moved to Webster Transitional School. The Lincoln and Washington buildings were renovated in 1987. The Washington building is now the Cedarburg City Hall and the Lincoln building is now the Cedarburg Senior Center. The Hacker building is now an apartment complex.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson County Courthouse in Beaumont, Texas is one of the tallest courthouses in the state, and is an excellent example of Art Deco architecture. Built in 1931, it is the fourth courthouse built in Jefferson County. It was designed by Fred Stone and Augustin Babin, and is thirteen stories high. In 1981, an annex was added to the west side of the courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building has retained nearly all of its originality over the years, including its marble interior, but in 1981 an annex was added to the west side to increase space. The annex connects to the original courthouse through the basement, first, and second floors. The only public entrance is through the annex due to recent security upgrades.</p><br>
<p>Floors eight through thirteen of the courthouse once served as the county jail, one can tell by the barred windows. Today the space is used for storage.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>A $22 million restoration project is currently underway. Phase one was completed in May 2009 when the copper roof from the 1940s was replaced with a multicolored tile roof, similar to the original. Phase two began August 2010, and will clean and restore granite and windows from the fifth to 13th floor.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Mount Redoubt is a mountain in the North Cascades range in Whatcom County, Washington state. The peak is located 3.0 mi to the Canada–US border, 16.3 mi east-northeast of Mount Shuksan. It is the 21st highest peak in the state, with a height of 8,956 ft and a prominence of 1,649 ft. Redoubt is in the Skagit Range, a sub-range of the North Cascades, in the Custer-Chilliwack Group which includes Mount Spickard, Mount Redoubt, Mount Custer and Mox Peaks, among others. Redoubt, Bear, and Depot creeks drain off the mountain, which is composed of Skagit gneiss. Mount Redoubt is listed as one of the "Classic Eight Peaks" in the North Cascades.</p><br>
<p>The mountain lies within the Stephen Mather Wilderness of North Cascades National Park, in remote terrain far from human settlement and difficult to access. It was first climbed in 1930, by Jimmy Cherry and Bob Ross. The nearest higher peak is Mount Spickard, (8,979 ft), which is 2.9 mi to the east-northeast. Spickards prominence is much greater than Redoubts. The Redoubt Glacier lies on the eastern slopes of the peak and smaller unnamed glaciers lie to the north.</p><br>
<p>There is a smaller mountain 2.9 mi northwest of Mount Redoubt called Nodoubt Peak, whose name is a play on the larger mountain&#39;s name. Nodoubt Peak was named by a group of geologists who climbed the peak in 1967.</p><br>
<p>Dollarway Road is a historic road in Redfield, Arkansas that was built in 1913. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The nation began to focus on good roads at the start of the 20th century. Arkansas did not yet have a state highway commission and instead left the task of building and maintaining good roads to individual road districts, which consisted of area farmers and residents without central leadership and in many cases engineering experience. One district, Jefferson County Road Improvement District No. 4, decided to construct a concrete road from Pine Bluff, Arkansas, north to the Pine Bluff – Little Rock wagon road at the Jefferson County line.</p><br>
<h2>Dollarway pavement</h2><br>
<p>The roadway was paved in 9 ft wide concrete slabs, poured in a 1-2½-5 mixture. At the edges were 45 degree slopes, which means only 8.5 ft of the width was level, with the slopes acting as curbs. Further out from the center was 18 in of gravel and 3 ft of earthwork. The gravel shoulder allowed vehicles to continue on the road without stopping for oncoming traffic, which was common at the time.</p><br>
<p>Tradition holds that the road was called Dollarway because it cost one dollar per linear foot to construct. The final cost was closer to $1.36 per foot. In July 1913, Little Rock, Arkansas contractors Shelby and Bateman were chosen to construct the approximately 23-mile road. Construction began in November 1913, and the road was finished in October 1914. The Dollarway Road was the longest continuous concrete pavement in the United States when complete.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The original 1974 National Register listing boundary placed the Dollarway within a park near Redfield. In 1999 the listing was enlarged to add a portion of the Dollarway still used today as Reynolds Road. This segment also contains two original Dollarway concrete bridges.</p><br>
<p>The following is a description of islands in the Detroit River. The Detroit River is a river in the Great Lakes system, about 32 miles  long and 0.5–2.5 miles  wide. The river serves as a major shipping channel, jointly controlled by the United States and Canada, and is a major component of the Canada–United States border. Ownership and control of the islands varies by their geographic location along the river. The majority of islands are on the American side of the river, which are all under the jurisdiction of Wayne County in Michigan. The Canadian islands are part of Essex County in Ontario. There are no islands in the Detroit River that are divided by the international border.</p><br>
<p>Most of the islands are very small and uninhabited, and many of these islands around the southern portion of the river serve as wildlife refuges as part of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge. The largest and most populous island is Grosse Ile at 9.0 sq mi (23.3 km²) and a population of around 10,000. Most of the islands in the Detroit River are around and closely connected to Grosse Ile. The Michigan city of Gibraltar is also located on several islands in the southern portion of the river. Some of the islands have also been geologically modified throughout the industrialization of the area. For example, Michigans Stony Island and Canadas Crystal Island have been largely formed from dredged sediments for a deep shipping lane, and Zug Island and Elizabeth Park are artificial islands, as they were once part of the mainland.</p><br>
<h2>Michigan</h2><br>
<h3>Belle Isle</h3><br>
<p>Belle Isle ({{coord|42|20|35|N|82|58|28|W|name=Belle Isle|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 1.53 sq mi (3.97 km²) island in the northern portion of the Detroit River about one mile (1.6 km) east of Downtown Detroit and one mile (1.6 km) west of Lake St. Clair. It is the northernmost island in the river — just barely extending further north than the easternmost island, Peche Island. The whole island is part of Belle Isle Park, except for two small secondary islands leased in 100-year increments in agreement respectively with the privately owned Detroit Yacht Club and to the Detroit Boat Club, the oldest rowing club in North America.. It is the largest urban island park in the United States and the third largest island in the river after Grosse Ile and Fighting Island. It is managed by the state of Michigan and is connected to the mainland by the MacArthur Bridge. The entire island itself is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<h3>Calf Island</h3><br>
<p>Calf Island ({{coord|42|06|11|N|83|10|45|W|name=Calf Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 7-acre (2.83 ha) island just west of Swan Island and Grosse Ile. The island is uninhabited, except for small number of herons. In 2002, Calf Island became part of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<h3>Celeron Island</h3><br>
<p>Celeron Island ({{coord|42|04|51|N|83|10|27|W|name=Celeron Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is an 81-acre (33 ha) island located about 0.25 miles (0.4 km) east of Horse Island in the southern portion of the Detroit River near Lake Erie. While Celeron Island is closer to Gibraltar, Michigan, the island is administered by Grosse Ile Township to the north and is the southernmost of all islands in that township. Uninhabited, Celeron Island is technically four closely connected islands.</p><br>
<p>Celeron Island was named for Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville.</p><br>
<h3>Edmond Island</h3><br>
<p>Edmond Island ({{coord|42|05|01|N|83|11|41|W|name=Edmond Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 35-acre (14 ha) island within the city limits of Gibraltar, Michigan. It is one of the main islands of Gibraltar and is densely populated with one main circular road. There is one bridge to the island, and the island is only about 20 feet (6 m) from the mainland. Cherry Island of the Lake Erie Metropark is just south of Edmond Island, although by technical definition, Cherry Island is not an island since its connected to the mainland.</p><br>
<h3>Elba Island</h3><br>
<p>Elba Island ({{coord|42|06|09|N|83|08|51|W|name=Elba Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a narrow 224 acre (91 ha) island just off the east coast of southern Grosse Ile. It is one of the four populated islands at the southern tip of Grosse Ile, and the few houses on this island are very affluent and expensive.</p><br>
<h3>Elizabeth Park</h3><br>
<p>Elizabeth Park ({{coord|42|07|56|N|83|10|49|W|name=Elizabeth Park|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 162-acre (65 ha) park located on the shores of the Detroit River in Trenton, Michigan directly north of the Wayne County Bridge. Elizabeth Park was the first county park established in the state and was part of the former Monguagon Township. While the general area is referred to simply as Elizabeth Park, the island itself is sometimes referred to as "Slocum&#39;s Island" after the original owners, who donated the land to the county in 1919. Slocum&#39;s Island itself is much larger than the area belonging to Elizabeth Park, but that name has fallen into disuse. A small portion of the park is on the mainland, but most of it was cut off from the mainland by a small canal. The northern portion of the island belongs to Elizabeth Park, while the portion south of the Wayne County Bridge is occupied by the large Trenton Channel Power Plant. The Battle of Maguaga during the War of 1812 took place in the area.</p><br>
<h3>Fox Island</h3><br>
<p>Fox Island ({{coord|42|06|22|N|83|08|29|W|name=Fox Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a very small 1.6 acre (6.5 ha) island about 1,000 feet (305 m) off the east coast of Elba Island near the southern tip of Grosse Ile. The island, which is a private island administered by Grosse Ile Township, is wooded and uninhabited.</p><br>
<h3>Grassy Island</h3><br>
<p>Grassy Island ({{coord|42|13|21|N|83|08|05|W|name=Grassy Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 72-acre (29 ha) island located just north of Grosse Ile and west of Fighting Island. The closest city to the island is Wyandotte, Michigan. Originally, the island was much smaller, but it served as a disposal facility for millions of cubic yards of sediments that were dredged from the expanding of the River Rouge. Grassy Island is uninhabited and is part of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge. Grassy Island should not be confused with another island on the exact opposite side of the river named Grass Island, which part of Ontario.</p><br>
<h3>Grosse Ile</h3><br>
<p>Grosse Ile ({{coord|42|07|36|N|83|09|33|W|name=Grosse Ile|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) , colloquially referred to as the “Big Island” or the “Main Island” to distinguish it from the township as a whole, is by far the largest island in the Detroit River at approximately 9.0 sq mi (23.3 km²). While Grosse Ile Township consists of 12 individual islands, the largest of these island is commonly known simply as Grosse Ile. Grosse Ile itself is divided by the narrow Thorofare Channel, but the two segments are geologically the same island. The majority of islands in the Detroit River are within close proximity of Grosse Ile and are administered by the township. There are several small bridges connecting the populated islands on the southern tip, but only Grosse Ile connects to the mainland by the Wayne County Bridge in the middle of the island and the Grosse Ile Toll Bridge on the northern end. The Grosse Ile Municipal Airport is located on the southern end of the island. The township as a whole is one of the most affluent and safest in the state.</p><br>
<h3>Humbug Island</h3><br>
<p>Humbug Island ({{coord|42|06|32|N|83|11|06|W|name=Hamburg Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is an elongated 32 acre (13 ha) island located about 500 feet (152 m) from the mainland just northwest of Calf Island and west of Grosse Ile. The island, which is administered by the city of Trenton, is wooded and uninhabited. It is part of the much larger Humbug Marsh, which was incorporated into the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge in 2004.</p><br>
<h3>Hickory Island</h3><br>
<p>Hickory Island ({{coord|42|05|18|N|83|09|18|W|name=Hickory Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 132-acre (53 ha) island off the southern tip of Grosse Ile. Hickory Island is the southernmost of the inhabited islands of Grosse Ile Township, in which only the uninhabited Celeron Island is further south. Hickory Island can only be accessed by traveling through Meso Island, and both islands are part of a gated community. It is more densely populated than Meso Island, and the two are separated by a narrow 20 foot (6.1 m) boating channel.</p><br>
<h3>Horse Island</h3><br>
<p>Horse Island ({{coord|42|04|55|N|83|11|08|W|name=Horse Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is an elongated 38 acre (15 ha) island. It is the easternmost island of Gibraltar, Michigan, located about 1,200 feet (366 m) west of Celeron Island. Horse Island is connected to the rest of Gibraltar by a 50-foot (15 m) bridge. The island is densely populated and has one road ending in a cul-de-sac.</p><br>
<h3>Mamajuda Island</h3><br>
<p>Mamajuda Island ({{coord|42|11|32|N|83|08|10|W|name=Mamajuda Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) , sometimes identified as Mama Juda Island, is located just east of the northern tip of Grosse Ile (Hennepin Point) and about 500 feet (152 m) west of the Canada–United States border. The island is part of Grosse Ile Township. It is the smallest of all charted islands in the Detroit River. The former 30 acre (12 ha) island has since been lost due to erosion. Only a very small portion of it, consisting of a few boulders, appears above water during times of low water levels. The island and its surrounding waters were incorporated into the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge at its inception in 2001.</p><br>
<h3>Meso Island</h3><br>
<p>Meso Island ({{coord|42|05|35|N|83|09|06|W|name=Meso Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}), sometimes charted inaccurately as Meso Isle or Mesco Island, is a 121-acre (49 ha) island located about 200 feet (61 m) off the southeastern tip of Grosse Ile. It is one of the four inhabited islands off the southern coast of Grosse Ile and is the least populated of those islands. Meso Island is separated by a very narrow 20 foot (6.1 m) channel from Hickory Island to the south, and the two belong to the same very affluent gated community. Meso Island is also located about 1,000 feet (305 m) west of Sugar Island.</p><br>
<h3>Mud Island</h3><br>
<h3>Powder House Island</h3><br>
<p>Powder House Island ({{coord|42|06|26|N|83|08|08|W|name=Powder House Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}), historically referred to as Dynamite Island, is the second-smallest named island in the Detroit River at approximately 0.2 acres (812 m²). The island is fairly remote and is about one-third mile (.53 km) east of the small Fox Island. Powder House Island is located almost in the center of the Detroit River but is far more visible to boats than Mamajuda Island. Like Fox Island, Powder House Island is uninhabited, privately owned, and administered by Grosse Ile Township.</p><br>
<h3>Round Island</h3><br>
<p>Round Island ({{coord|42|05|32|N|83|10|01|W|name=Round Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 172-acre (70 ha) island off the southern coast of Grosse Ile. It is one of the five islands surrounding the southern coast of Grosse Ile, but it is the only of the five that is uninhabited. Round Island was once connected to Grosse Ile but is now separated by a 50-foot (15 m) channel used primarily for docked boats.</p><br>
<h3>Stony Island</h3><br>
<p>Stony Island ({{coord|42|07|41|N|83|07|51|W|name=Stony Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is an approximately 100 acre (40 ha) island located about 0.25 mi (0.4 km) east of the center of Grosse Ile. Stony Island&#39;s odd shape and stony composition came from the millions of cubic yards of sediment that were dredged out of the middle of the Detroit River to provide a deep shipping lane for large freighters. Stony Island is uninhabited and sparsely vegetated. Because the entire border separating Michigan and Ontario is water, this shipping lane is the narrowest width of water separating the two at any point along the international border. Stony Island is 500 feet (152 m) away from Ontario&#39;s Crystal Island.</p><br>
<h3>Sturgeons Bar</h3><br>
<p>Sturgeons Bar ({{coord|42|04|06|N|83|11|19|W|name=Sturgeons Bar|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a very small, uninhabited 9.0 acre (36,400 m²) bar located about 300 feet (91.4 m) off the west coast of Rockwood at the southern end of the Detroit River on Lake Erie. Sturgeons Bar is off the coast of the Lake Erie Metropark and is technically the southernmost island in the Detroit River. The island is part of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<h3>Sugar Island</h3><br>
<p>Sugar Island ({{coord|42|05|29|N|83|08|39|W|name=Sugar Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 30-acre (12 ha) island located about 800 feet (244 m) off the east coast of Meso Island. The island is administered by Grosse Ile Township but is uninhabited. In the early part of the 20th century, Sugar Island housed a resort park and had a ferry service to provide transportation to and from the island— most notably the ill-fated Tashmoo steamboat. The park was eventually torn down, and the island today is still privately owned but has no structures.</p><br>
<h3>Swan Island</h3><br>
<p>Swan Island ({{coord|42|05|57|N|83|10|26|W|name=Swan Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 58-acre (23 ha) island located off the southwestern tip of Grosse Ile. It is one of the four inhabited islands off the southern coast of Grosse Ile, and Swan Island is the smallest. Swan Island is separated from Grosse Ile by an artificial 75 foot (22.8 m) canal and is connected by one bridge.</p><br>
<h3>Zug Island</h3><br>
<p>Zug Island ({{coord|42|17|02|N|83|06|43|W|name=Zug Island|type:isle_region:US-MI}}) is a 0.93 sq mi (2.4 km²) island located in the city of River Rouge, Michigan at the mouth of the River Rouge leading into the Detroit River. The island was created when the River Rouge was diverted from its natural course to provide a better shipping lane. Zug Island is heavily and densely industrialized, and public access is prohibited for security reasons. Because of its highly pollutant nature, Zug Island has a far-reaching environmental impact on the surrounding area. Zug Island has been chartered as the northernmost possible extension of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge, although it is not formally part of the current refuge.</p><br>
<h2>Ontario</h2><br>
<h3>Bois Blanc Island</h3><br>
<p>Bois Blanc Island ({{coord|42|05|50|N|83|07|16|W|name=Bois Blanc Island|type:isle_region:CA-ON}}), popularly known as Boblo Island, is a 272-acre (110 ha) island and is the southernmost Canadian island in the Detroit River — directly across the river from the southern end of Grosse Ile. The island is administered by Amherstburg, Ontario. Bois Blanc Island was home to the Boblo Island Amusement Park from 1898 to 1993, and, today, the island is home to a small community. There are no bridges to the mainland, and transportation to and from the island is provided by private ferry.</p><br>
<h3>Crystal Island</h3><br>
<p>Crystal Island ({{coord|42|07|21|N|83|07|17|W|name=Crystal Island|type:isle_region:CA-ON}}) is an uninhabited 92 acre (37 ha) island about 500 feet (152 m) directly across the international boundary from Michigan&#39;s Stony Island. Crystal Island is administered by Amherstburg. Like Stony Island, Crystal Island&#39;s odd shape came from the millions of cubic yards of sediment that were dredged out of the middle of the Detroit River to provide a deep shipping lane for large freighters. The island&#39;s odd shape created a pristine bay (known as Crystal Bay) that is unusually clear — hence the island&#39;s name — compared to the surrounding river waters due to the current keeping out pollution.</p><br>
<h3>Fighting Island</h3><br>
<p>Fighting Island ({{coord|42|13|18|N|83|07|12|W|name=Fighting Island|type:isle_region:CA-ON}}) is the largest Canadian island in the Detroit River at 2.34 sq mi (6.06 km²) and the second largest after Grosse Ile. Administered by La Salle, Ontario, Fighting Island is located off the northeast tip of Grosse Ile on the other side of the international boundary. The island is uninhabited, mostly barren, and is used as a refuge by a number of different species. Fighting Island was once used as an industrial dumping ground but since been cleaned up. Fighting Island is a prospective area that may be included into the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<h3>Grass Island</h3><br>
<p>Grass Island ({{coord|42|13|17|N|83|06|30|W|name=Grass Island|type:isle_region:CA-ON}}) is an extremely elongated and narrow 47 acre (19 ha) island located between Fighting Island and mainland Ontario. It is uninhabited, and despite its name, it is quite wooded. Administered by La Salle, Grass Island is sometimes incorrectly named Grassy Island, which is an American island on the exact opposite side of the river. Grass Island&#39;s unusual shape is due to the fact that it is just the northern end of a much larger underwater shoal.</p><br>
<h3>Peche Island</h3><br>
<p>Peche Island ({{coord|42|20|45|N|82|55|31|W|name=Peche Island|type:isle_region:CA-ON}}) is an 86-acre (35 ha) island and is the easternmost of all islands in the Detroit River. The American owned Belle Isle is the northernmost island with Peche Island being the easternmost due to the river&#39;s sudden bend. It is one mile (1.61 km) east of Belle Isle. Peche Island is the first island in the river, as it sits at the beginning of the river on Lake St. Clair. The island is fairly large and uninhabited, but unlike Belle Isle, Peche Island is wooded and unused. The city of Windsor, which had jurisdiction over the island, has continually debated on what to do with the island.</p><br>
<h3>Turkey Island</h3><br>
<p>Turkey Island ({{coord|42|11|09|N|83|06|48|W|name=Turkey Island|type:isle_region:CA-ON}}) is a 39-acre (16 ha) island just off the southeastern tip of Fighting Island and directly across from the northern tip of Grosse Ile. The island is densely wooded and uninhabited. The island is administered by La Salle and is a prospective inclusion in the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge. Ths island is privately owned with 35 Ac of water rights surrounding it. Trespassing violations have recently been handed out as there is no access or hunting permitted.</p><br>
<p>The Lusk Water Tower was built in 1886 to provide water for steam locomotives on the former Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad, at Lusk, Wyoming. Lusk itself was built by the railroad at the same time. The tank was originally located in the middle of Lusk near the railroad depot and was moved in 1919 to the present site on the east edge of town, adjacent to what became the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company line now owned by Union Pacific.</p><br>
<p>The wooden tower is round, with a diameter of about 25 ft. The tank is about 25 ft high on a 25 ft base. The structure is believed to be composed of Douglas fir, while the tank itself is redwood. It is the only surviving structure of its kind in Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The water tower was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Tianmu Mountain, Mount Tianmu, or Tianmushan  is a mountain in Linan County 83.2 km west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, in eastern China. It is made up of two peaks: West Tianmu  and East Tianmu . Twin ponds near the top of the peaks led to the name of the mountain. Chinas Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve lies on the northwest portion of the mountain. It is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve as part of UNESCO&#39;s Man and the Biosphere Program. The mountain has a lush sub-tropical climate with an annual rainfall of 1,767 mm and an annual temperature of 17.3 &deg;C.</p><br>
<p>Tianmu is known for giant Japanese cedars, waterfalls, Tianmu tea, peaks surrounded by clouds, bamboo shoots, temples and nunneries, and odd-shaped rocks. More than 2,000 species of plants grow on the mountain, including (on West Tianmu) the last surviving truly wild population of Ginkgo trees. Prominent among the Japanese cedars is the "Giant Tree King", named by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing. In 2009, it measured 26.5 m in height, 2.33 m in diameter, and 42.9 m&sup3; in volume. The mountain is also home to hundreds of species of birds and animals, including 39 endangered or protected species. These include the clouded leopard and the black muntjac.</p><br>
<p>In Chinese, the name Tianmushan can also refer to the adjacent range of mountains, including Mount Mogan.</p><br>
<p>The University-Cultural Center MRA  is a pair of multiple property submissions to the National Register of Historic Places which were approved on April 29 and May 1, 1986. The structures included are all located in Midtown, near Woodward Avenue and Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. The two submissions are designated the University-Cultural Center MRA Phase I, containing five properties, and the University-Cultural Center MRA Phase II, containing three properties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From the middle of the 19th century until the 1920s, the area that is now the University-Cultural Center was characterized by upper-class single-family homes. After the Civil War, the city of Detroit platted and sold lots along Woodward to private developers. Houses first appeared along Woodward in the 1860s, and construction in the area reached a peak in the 1880s and 1890s as developments off Woodward, first to the east and then to the west, were platted. Construction east of Second Avenue did not reach full swing until the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 19th century, Central High School (now Old Main) was constructed on Cass and Warren. The building acted as a magnet, attracting other institutions that were educational and artistic in function, culminating in the erection of the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Detroit Public Library along Woodward Avenue in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The rise of the automobile in the 1910s and 1920s had a twofold effect on the University-Cultural Center area. The prosperous automotive trade increased the population of Detroit by nearly a factor of four between 1900 and 1920. This pushed the city limits far to the north, making what once had been a suburban, open area into the heart of the city. The University-Cultural Center area also became home to automotive-related commercial and industrial businesses, particularly along Woodward and Cass.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1920s, large apartment buildings with first-floor commercial space were constructed in the area, bringing more residents into the area and reducing the pressure for store frontage. The remaining mansions were repurposed as boardinghouses or commercial space.</p><br>
<p>Cultural and educational institutions were being developed in the area at around the same time, beginning with the previously mentioned Detroit Institute of Arts and the Detroit Public Library. At the same time, Wayne State University, then housed in the former Central High School, began offering four-year degrees. These institutions formed a core area that attracted other public-oriented institutions, including several music schools, the Merrill-Palmer Institute, the Detroit Historical Museum, College for Creative Studies, and other institutions created campuses in the area.</p><br>
<p>In particular, Wayne State University has been continuously expanding since its inception as a four-year degree granting institution in the 1930s. The university first expanded out of its Old Main home in 1933, and four years later was utilizing over a dozen former residences in the vicinity. In the 1940s, the university obtained land in the surrounding blocks through emininent domain. Further increases in enrollment and the availability of Federal funds in the 1960s allowed the university to extend its campus south and west.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Because of its history, the structures within the University-Cultural Center come in four distinct types: the public-oriented buildings, commercial and industrial establishments, single-family homes, and large multi-unit apartment complexes.</p><br>
<p>The public-oriented buildings are most noticeable in the heart of the cultural complex, with the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Detroit Public Library, as well as other surrounding museums and cultural institutions. Wayne State University also sports a swath of public buildings on the west side of the area, many built in the 1950s and 1960s. In addition, a number of churches dot the area, including the Cathedral Church of St. Paul and the First Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>The primary location of commercial buildings is along the Woodward and Cass corridors. Although the commercial activity is reduced from what it was in the heyday of the area, it still continues, particularly in service of students at Wayne State. Farther north in the area are sites which were originally primarily industrial, now grouped in the New Amsterdam Historic District and the Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The housing stock in the area is substantially constructed before 1914. Of these, the original single- family homes have been substantially demolished to make way for the waves of redevelopment as multi-unit structures, commercial structures, and cultural and educational-related structures were erected. Some pockets of single-family homes remain, notably in the eastern section with the East Ferry Avenue Historic District, the homes near Dunbar Hospital, and just south of the University-Cultural Center (but within Midtown), Brush Park. In the west, the West Canfield Historic District stands as the single contiguous block of early homes in the area. Other single-family homes exist individually.</p><br>
<p>Many of the earlier homes were replaced by multi-unit apartment structures. Early, smaller apartment buildings predominate in the area, particularly along Second Avenue. These units are typically four to five stories in height and were built in the mid-1910s and early 1920s. Later large apartment buildings, typically nine to thirteen stories in height, were built during the housing boom of the 1920s; this typology includes The Wardell (now The Park Shelton) and the Belcrest.</p><br>
<p>Many of the structures within the University-Cultural Center area were designed by well-known architects, including Albert Kahn, Cass Gilbert, Louis Kamper, Gordon W. Lloyd, Donaldson and Meier, and Ralph Adams Cram. Architectural styles of the buildings in the area representsd the range of styles current at the time of construction. Early single-family homes show Second Empire, Romanesque Revival, and particularly Queen Anne stylings. Later residences were built in the Colonial Revival and Federal Revival styles. Great public buildings such as the DIA and the library were built in the Italian Renaissance with Beaux-Arts influences.</p><br>
<h3>Phases I and II</h3><br>
<p>At the time of the original submission, the area continued within the University-Cultural Center had numerous structures and historic districts already listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These included structures built as private homes (the David Mackenzie House, Col. Frank J. Hecker House, and David Whitney House), public-oriented structures (the Hilberry Theatre, Scarab Club, Orchestra Hall, Detroit Institute of Arts, Rackham Building, Detroit Public Library, and Old Main), large apartment and commercial buildings (the Belcrest and Maccabees Building) and two historic districts (the East Ferry Avenue Historic District and the West Canfield Historic District).</p><br>
<p>When researching structures within the University-Cultural Center, the decision was made by the group nominating the structures to concentrate on two specific areas. For Phase I, the area bounded by Woodward Avenue on the east, Second Avenue on the west, Warren Avenue on the south, and the Ford Freeway on the north was targeted. For Phase II, the area on the campus of Wayne State University and bounded by Second avenue on the east and the Lodge Freeway on the west was targeted.</p><br>
<p>These structures represent each faced of the mixed-use history of the University-Cultural Center, from the original upper-class single-family homes (the Herman Strasburg House, the Thomas S. Sprague House, and the Samuel L. Smith House), to the later apartments, both small (Verona Apartments) and large (the Chatsworth Apartments and Santa Fe Apartments), to commercial establishments (Cass Motor Sales) and public-oriented institutions (Saint Andrew&#39;s Memorial Episcopal Church). Many of these structures have been repurposed as the character of the area changes and different types of space a re required.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The University-Cultural Center is a section of Detroit bounded by the Chrysler Freeway (I-75) on the east, the Lodge Freeway (M-10) on the west, the Grand Trunk Railroad tracks on the north, and Selden Street, Parsons Street, East Willis Street, and East Warren Avenue on the south. This particular appellation has fallen out of use, replaced by "Midtown", which extends the southern University-Cultural Center noundary to the Fisher Freeway (I-75), and contracts the northern boundary to the Edsel Ford Freeway (I-94). All the structures in this MRA are located within Midtown. The section of the University-Cultural Center not included in Midtown is primarily industrial in nature (unlike the residential and commercial buildings in this MRA), and contains the New Amsterdam Historic District and the Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Key Falls, on is a 50 ft  waterfall located near Brevard, in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Key Falls is a waterfall with a watershed located on an unnamed tributary of the French Broad River. The creek trickles over a series of rocks before continuing on to the French Broad River a few hundred yards downstream.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting Key Falls</h2><br>
<p>The falls is on private property, but the owners allow public access to the falls. The property is owned by Key Falls Inn, a Victorian-style bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>To view the falls, beginning at the intersection of on USA Highway 276, USA Highway 64, and NC Highway 280 in Brevard, travel east on US 64 for 3.5 miles. Turn right on Crab Creek Road and travel 1.5 miles. Turn right on Everett Road. Travel 2.8 miles to the driveway for the entrance to Key Falls Inn on the left. You can either turn at the gravel road before the entrance and drive 0.2 miles to the falls or you can turn into the Inn&#39;s driveway, park, and walk the short path to the falls.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby falls</h2><br>
<p>Triple Falls</p><br>
<p>High Falls</p><br>
<p>Hooker Falls</p><br>
<p>Bridal Veil Falls</p><br>
<p>Wintergreen Falls</p><br>
<p>Connestee Falls and Batson Creek Falls</p><br>
<p>Glen Cannon Falls</p><br>
<p>Turley Falls</p><br>
<p>Baring Bay is an Arctic waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It lies off the southwestern coast of Devon Island in the eastern high Arctic. Like Macormick Bay to the south, it is an arm of Wellington Channel.</p><br>
<p>It was named in 1850–1852 in honour of Sir Francis Thornhill Baring (1796–1866), then First Lord of the Admiralty, along with Baring Strait (now Northumberland Sound), Baring Land (now Banks Island) and Baring Island. Baring Cape (the northwest point of Victoria Island) and Baring Channel (between the islands of Russell and Prince of Wales) were also named in his honour, but later.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In August 1852, Baring Bay was the starting point of an expedition headed by Dr. Robert McCormick in search for the missing Sir John Franklin expedition.</p><br>
<p>Tony Grove Lake is a lake in Cache County, Utah. The Tony Grove Lake Campground is located on the southeast shore of the lake. The lake and campground are situated on the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway. An 11 mi paved road climbs to a height of 8,048 ft to reach Tony Grove Lake and the Mount Naomi Wilderness area.</p><br>
<p>A historic marker at the lake states that Tony Grove&#39;s name derived from its popularity with wealthy residents of Logan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The Mt. Naomi Wilderness Area was designated in 1984, and covers 45,000 acre. This region embraces some of the most rugged and spectacular country in the Bear River Range. The area around this glacial lake explodes into wildflowers in the early summer.</p><br>
<p>Many trails throughout the area offer wildlife viewing. Access and parking for the White Pine Lake Trail, Coldwater Spring Trail, Naomi Peak Trail and High Creek Trail is located at the Tony Grove Lake parking lot.</p><br>
<p>The C & H Refinery Historic District comprises an intact industrial complex in Lusk, Wyoming that documents an early 20th-century refinery. The C & H Refinery is noted as the smallest functioning oil refinery in the world, and may be the only remaining thermal distillation refinery, all other refineries having modernized to the catalytic cracking method.</p><br>
<p>The refinery processed oil produced at the Lance Creek Oil Field, which produced a paraffin-based high gravity "sweet" (low-sulfur) oil that could easily be processed through simple means. The Ohio Oil Company controlled the field and piped its product to markets in the USA Midwest. A part-time Ohio Oil employee, Roy Chamberlain, obtained permission to use oil from the Lance Creek pipeline and refine it. Using salvaged equipment from the defunct Pennsylvanian Belgo-American Refinery in Casper, Chamberlain and his partner James Hoblit built their refinery in 1933 in Lusk on a 1.5 acre site. Some of the equipment used by the C & H had been made as early as 1886.</p><br>
<p>Chamberlain sold his interest to Hoblit in 1935 and used the proceeds to buy the Ranger Hotel in Lusk. He went on to be elected state senator and founded the Ranger Oil Company. Hoblitt and his family retained the refinery until 1974.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Mount Spickard  is a 8,980 ft mountain peak in the North Cascades, a mountain range in the USA state of Washington. Located just 2 mi south of the Canada–US border, it is part of the Chilliwack Group, a subrange of the Skagit Range which is part of the North Cascades. It is composed mainly of gneiss and is part of two major drainage basins: that of the Skagit River and Fraser River.</p><br>
<p>With a topographic prominence of over 4,700 ft, Mount Spickard is one of the most prominent peaks in the state, and has two minor summits. The mountain was named for a climber who fell to his death while ascending another nearby mountain peak. However, the first to ascend Mount Spickard was Walter B. Reaburn, in 1904.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mount Spickard rises to 8,980 ft Its prominence of 4,779 ft is the ninth-greatest in the state and makes it the 70th-most prominent peak in the United States. It is located 19 mi northwest of Jack Mountain, the nearest higher peak.</p><br>
<p>The main summit of Spickard has two sub-peaks. The taller of the two is a 8,824 ft summit, with a prominence of 304 ft, 0.3 mi to the northeast of the true summit. The shorter is located 0.5 mi southwest of the main peak and rises to 8,405 ft, but has 364 ft of prominence. In his popular climbing guide, Fred Beckey uses the name "Peak 8824" for the northeast sub-peak.</p><br>
<p>High ridges connect Mount Spickard to other peaks. A ridge to the southwest connects Spickard with Twin Spires (also called Mox Peaks) and the Ridge of Gendarmes. The high ridges to the southeast of Mount Spickard are somewhat broken up by glacier-couloirs but connect Spickard with summits known as Tombstone Peak and Peak 7153.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>There are many glaciers on Mount Spickards slopes and neighboring ridges. Silver Glacier extends over a mile from Spickards summit north through a large cirque to Silver Lake. The high terrain southwest of Mount Spickard is intensely glaciated, with numerous glaciers, some very large, extending over 3 mi to Mount Redoubt.</p><br>
<p>There are four main drainage basins reaching to the slopes of Mount Spickard. Depot Creek flows west and northwest to join the Chilliwack River and, ultimately, the Fraser River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean in British Columbia. On the south side of Spickard are some headstreams of Perry Creek, which flows east to Little Beaver Creek and, via Ross Lake, the Skagit River. To the north Silver Lake Glacier sends meltwater into Silver Lake. Meltwater streams from glaciers on the east side of Mount Spickard join the outflow, Silver Creek, which flows east from Silver Lake to Ross Lake.</p><br>
<p>Access to the mountain is difficult due to the remote and rugged nature of the area. The easiest approach is from British Columbia via Chilliwack Lake and Depot Creek. There are two common approaches within Washington, both via water taxi on Ross Lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The geologist Reginald A. Daly studied the Spickard area in 1902 and 1906. He described Mount Spickard (then called Glacier Peak) and its neighbors as the most inaccessible summits of the entire USA–Canada border region west of the Flathead River of the Rocky Mountains. The first ascent was made in 1904 by Walter B. Reaburn. A second ascent was made the following year by Thomas Riggs Jr., George Neuner Jr., and J. Beall. In 1906, Noel J. Ogilvie and a Canadian party climbed Mount Spickard.</p><br>
<p>Mount Spickard was called Glacier Peak until 1963, when it was renamed in memory of Warren Spickard. Spickard was a distinguished mountaineer, who died in 1961 while climbing the nearby Northwest Twin Spires (also called Northwest Mox Peak or just Northwest Mox). He had climbed Mount Spickard in 1955.</p><br>
<p>McMillan Hall is a building on the campus of Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. Built in 1793, it is the only surviving building from Washington Academy. It is the eighth-oldest academic building in the United States that is still in use for its original academic purpose and is the oldest surviving college building west of the Allegheny Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The building is situated on the corner of South Lincoln Street and East Wheeling Street in Washington, Pennsylvania. It is 120 ft by 40 ft in size. McMillan Hall is named after College founder and Presbyterian missionary John McMillan. Throughout its history, McMillan has also been known as the "Old College," the "Academy Building," and the "Administration Building." It is currently home to administrative offices, including the Office of Communications and the Office of the President. The College&#39;s ceremonial mace is carved from the original wooden pillars.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register described the buildings architecture as achieving a "unique quality and charm from the fact that vernacular builders selectively borrowed Georgian, Roman Classical, Adamesque, and other European Renaissance architectural forms, elements, and details and combined them in the builders own esoteric way." The National Register described its historical importance as a "unique variation of a Western Pennsylvania stone building," calling it "irreplaceable on a regional or national level."</p><br>
<p>In 1793, the Trustees of Washington Academy authorized the construction of a new building. The 2-story stone building was ready for occupation in 1797. Two wings and a portico were added in 1818, allowing the building to house dormitories and dining facilities for students. In 1900, the building was saved from planned demolition by a benefactor who insisted that it be preserved. In order to make room for the proposed library, it was moved 40 ft towards Lincoln Street. The building was remodeled in 1912 to house administrative offices. In 1928, the north wing, which had been used as student housing, was remodeled to create office space. At various times, the basement housed a dining hall, a lunch counter, classrooms, and the bookstore. It was restored to its 18th-century appearance in the late 1980s.</p><br>
<p>It is designated as a historic public landmark by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Initial construction</h3><br>
<p>In 1791, a fire destroyed the original log Washington County Courthouse, leaving Washington Academy without anywhere to hold classes. In 1793, the Trustees of Washington Academy authorized three men, James Brice, Absolom Baird and David Bradford, to form a committee to build and superintend a new building built on property donated by William Hoge. The foundation and walls of that building were finished in the fall of that year. On March 4, 1794, the Trustees entered into a contract with William Sherrard to complete the stone building, which was 35 by in size and stood two stories. It is believed that the building had an external staircase, but this is unclear. The building was placed into use for the first time on April 10, 1797. In addition to having a library and a reading room for students, the main hall was used as a Presbyterian place of worship.</p><br>
<h3>Expansion</h3><br>
<p>On March 28, 1806, Washington Academy was chartered as Washington College. A decade later, on June 24, 1816, the College&#39;s Committee of Buildings began planning to expand the building by adding two wings and a two-story portico with four Tuscan columns. Following the completion of the wings in 1819, the College was carrying $3,004.18 in construction debt owed to the workmen. In 1835, constructing began on a new building, called the "New College." Up until then, the original building, which was now referred to as the "Old College," had been the only building on the campus of Washington College. These additions were used as dormitories and dining facilities for the students, while the second floor was sealed off from use. In May 1826, the interior of the original center portion of the building was renovated. During his tenure, President David McConaughy lived rent-free in the south wing. Plans to enlarge the dormitories facilities, including the possibility of using the entire building as a boarding house, were discussed in 1848 and 1849.</p><br>
<h3>Movement and re-dedication</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1890s, the Board of Trustees was considering demolishing the "Academy Building," which then housed the library. However, the building was saved in 1900 when College benefactor W. R. Thompson donated $50,000 for the construction of a new library with the stipulation that the Academy Building be preserved. In order for make way for the new library, the Academy Building was moved 40 ft to the east and towards Lincoln Street by the John Eichley Corporation of Pittsburgh. After the move, the new foundation was of incorrect proportions, requiring the contractor to keep the building mounted on "skids and jacks" while a new foundation was constructed. The error cost the contractor dearly, and the whole operation cost the College $7,455.69.</p><br>
<p>The building was remodeled in 1912, opening the second floor for use for the first time since 1835 and adding an interior stairway. The funds for this remodeling project were donated by President James D. Moffat. The interior was painted while and the first floor received new fixtures, including new railings, partitions, and windows. It was rechristened the "Administrative Building," because it then housed all of the administrative offices, including the President&#39;s office. The "Administration Committee" met on the second floor. A cement walkway was added to connect the building to Old Main. Other proposals asked that the center portion of the building be used as "the long wanted student smoking room on the campus."</p><br>
<p>In 1928, the north wing was converted from a residence hall into office space, while the south wing continued to be used as a faculty residence. In 1937, the building was repainted and refurbished with new floor coverings. The College bookstore opened in the basement in 1938 and was enlarged in 1939 to add a refreshment and lunch counter. In 1942, a room under the South wing was turned into a classroom and a faculty dining room was added.</p><br>
<p>With the increased enrollment after World War II, the building&#39;s dining hall was moved to the Chapel in Old Main and the bookstore was moved to Hays Hall, allowing the former bookstore location to become part of the faculty dining hall. The south wing faculty residence hall was converted into office space in 1947, with administration office on the first floor and faculty offices on the second floor. By 1949, the entire building was used for administrative offices. By 1952, the postwar enrollment figures had stabilized, allowing the bookstore to reopen in the basement and the dining hall to return to Hayes Hall.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>A major renovation project, lasting from 1985 to 1987, restored the building to its original 18th century condition. Non-original walls and partitions were removed, opening the hallways in the two wings for free movement, and the main lobby and first floor foyer were restored. For the exterior, the roof, soffit, and facis were repaired and the brickwork was repainted in a Colonial ivory. The three porches, on the front and one on each wing, and the chestnut pillars were restored and reconstructed. The basement was converted into offices for the clerical staff and the mailroom. The electrical wiring, ventilation system, telephone, and switchboard system were replaced. Overall, this restoration cost $800,000 and was funded by private sources generated through the College&#39;s "Century III Fund" capital campaign. The newly restored building housed the President’s Office and other administrative offices, including Development, Public Information, and Admissions Offices. It also served as a welcome center for prospective students and campus visitors. On Founders Day 1993, the building was rededicated as John McMillan Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Rawhide Buttes Stage Station, the Running Water Stage Station and the Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route comprise a historic district that commemorates the stage coach route between Cheyenne, Wyoming and Deadwood, South Dakota. The route operated beginning in 1876, during the height of the Black Hills Gold Rush, and was replaced in 1887 by a railroad.</p><br>
<p>The Rawhide Buttes station was demolished in 1973 after having functioned as a ranch headquarters. The ruin of the stage station barn is the only remnant of the Running Water Station, which stood about 15 mi north of Rawhide Butte near the stage route&#39;s intersection with the Texas Trail. Running Water saw a minor mining boom during the 1880s, but was superseded by Lusk.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Jones County Courthouse in Anamosa, Iowa, United States was built in 1937. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the "Jones County Court House." It is a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission, and is the second building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Jones County Courthouse was built in 1847 for $800. The building measured 30 by, and was occupied on January 3, 1848. The county declared the building unsafe and vacated it in 1864. It was destroyed by fire in 1875. The county rented space until the town of Anamosa appropriated $6,000 to buy the second floor of the Shaw Block to insure the county seat would not move to Center Junction. A plan to build a courthouse in 1920 failed.</p><br>
<p>The county board of supervisors applied to the Public Works Administration, or PWA, for a grant to build a new courthouse and a referendum was approved by 77 percent of voters on September 10, 1935. Des Moines architects Dougher, Rich & Woodburn designed the new building. Excavation for the courthouse was begun once the PWA approved the grant. The cornerstone was laid on August 9, 1936. C.C. Larsen & Sons Co. of Council Bluffs won the contract to build the building. Completion was delayed because of contract delays and cost overruns. The building&#39;s final construction costs were $200,000. County offices moved into the building in August and the dedication was held on September 10, 1937. Nearly 6,000 people attnded the ceremonies. Governor Nelson G. Kraschel delivered the main address. Other speakers included State PWA Director P.P. Hopkins and Justice J.M. Parsons of the Iowa Supreme Court, who was a Jones County native.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a symmetrical façade with a central section that is flanked by two lower sections. The exterior is composed of buff colored brick and Bedford limestone trim. It is three stories tall and built on a raised basement. On the interior, the central corridors extend the length of the building with the county offices opening onto the corridors. The building features multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tiles. The court room was originally decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation. The court room is also located in the back of the building, overlooking a state penitentiary.</p><br>
<p>Washington Valley Park is a 715 acre public park between the first and second Watchung mountain ridge in the Martinsville section of Bridgewater Township, New Jersey that is administered by the Somerset County Park Commission. It contains the Washington Valley Reservoir and the Chimney Rock Hawk Watch.</p><br>
<h2>Park development</h2><br>
<p>The only partially developed park has a western and eastern section separated by the Bound Brook Gap with the Chimney Rock Road that connects Bound Brook with Martinsville. The terrain is rocky and mountainous and covered with pine and hemlock. At the center of the western section of the park is the 21 acre Washington Valley Reservoir that was created in 1920 when the western branch of the Middle Brook was dammed, - formerly it was called the Bound Brook/Elizabeth Reservoir. The eastern section of the park has the much smaller East Branch Reservoir and the Buttermilk Falls of the eastern branch of the Middle Brook.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent to the park is the Chimney Rock Quarry built atop the old Chimney Rock Copper Mine a.k.a. Bound Brook Quarry or Washington Mine. Copper mines over 165 ft deep exist and active mining continues to this day</p><br>
<p>as owned and operated by the Stavola group of companies. The most famous copper find was used to mold a small brass cannon later used at the siege of Yorktown. Calcite has also been mined from the nearby Chimney Rock Quarry. Many marble and granite companies continue to operate in this area</p><br>
<p>. In 1886, William Haelig leased the land from copper miners to establish his Chimney Rock Quarry. Before 1900, stone was carried out of the quarry to the railroad in Bound Brook by horse-drawn wagons. Haelig persuaded the Central Railroad of New Jersey to lay a spur to the stone pit. Trap rock quarrying was more profitable than mining, and the quarry is still active.</p><br>
<p>The reservoirs have no boat access and are of interest to anglers. Species that can be caught include largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, black crappie, bluegill, pumpkinseed, and yellow perch. The park contains numerous trails that are used by hikers and mountain bikers.</p><br>
<h2>Chimney Rock Hawk Watch</h2><br>
<p>At an outcropping of the first Watchung mountain ridge is Chimney Rock Hawk Watch. In the fall, the area is visited by birdwatchers to observe the annual southward migration of raptors and other birds. In the 2008 season, they recorded 12,275 sightings, of these over 10,000 were hawks including 7,836 broad-winged hawks, 1,745 sharp-shinned hawks. Also there were 140 bald eagle and 17 golden eagle sightings. Hawk watching lasts from early September into November, the second half of September being the peak time.</p><br>
<h2>Middlebrook encampment</h2><br>
<p>To some degree, the eastern section of the park covers a military fortification that was used by the Continental Army near the site of the 1777-78 Middlebrook encampment. Remnants can be found in the shape of earth walls. A look-out point is preserved that was used to observe movements of the British Army in the plains towards New Brunswick.</p><br>
<p>Pilot Rock is a prominent volcanic plug located in the western Cascade Range near the east end of the Siskiyou Mountains, just east of the Siskiyou Summit near Ashland, Oregon. Rising thousands of feet above the Shasta and Rogue valleys, it is a landmark distinguishable from over 40 mi away. At 25.6 million years old, it is one of the oldest formations of the Cascade Range. The rock is protected by the Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument and the Soda Mountain Wilderness. Several trails pass near Pilot Rock, including the Pacific Crest Trail.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Rising 570 ft above the surrounding hills and thousands of feet above the Shasta and Rogue valleys, Pilot Rock is one of the most prominent features of the Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument. but much younger than the 425 million-year-old Siskiyou Mountains nearby.</p><br>
<p>Pilot Rock has a large amount of columnar jointing, created when the magma cooled. The surrounding soil is primarily the sticky, eroded remnants of volcaniclastic breccia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Takelma tribe of Native Americans originally called the rock Tan-ts&#39;at-seniphtha (stone standing up), The United States Exploring Expedition passed through the area on September 28, 1841, renaming the rock Emmons Peak after Lieutenant George F. Emmons, a USA naval officer and member of the group.</p><br>
<p>Nine planes have crashed into Pilot Rock since 1942, mainly due to poor visibility.</p><br>
<p>Pilot Rock is protected by the Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument, created in 2000, and the Soda Mountain Wilderness, created in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Pilot Rock is located in the eastern Klamath Mountains ecoregion and is surrounded by dense mixed coniferous forest. Wildflowers such as wild strawberries, larkspur, columbine, lupine, and paintbrush grow in the spring and summer.</p><br>
<h2>Trails</h2><br>
<p>There are several trails near Pilot Rock which can be accessed via a forest road that ends at a parking lot approximately 1 mi northwest of the rock. The main trail, part of the Pacific Crest Trail, travels southeast towards the rock for about 1/5 mi, before branching into two trails. The left branch is the northbound continuation of the Pacific Crest Trail, while the right fork is the summit trail.</p><br>
<p>The Cedarburg Mill is a gristmill in Cedarburg, Wisconsin that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1855 by Frederick Hilgen and William Schroeder to replace the wooden gristmill they had built in 1844. The architect and builder was Burchard Weber. At five stories high, Cedarburg Mill was the tallest building in Cedarburg when it was built and at the time cost $22,000. The mill is built on Cedar Creek. Hilgen and Schroeder built a dam on the creek near the mill, and put a water wheel near the dam to power the mill. The mill could produce 120 barrels of flour each day, which was sold in a shop owned by Hilgen and Schroeder. Because the Cedarburg Mill prospered, four other mills were built along Cedar Creek. The mill building is now owned by Landmark Supply Co.</p><br>
<p>Rtanj is a mountain situated in eastern Serbia, approximately 200 km southeast of Belgrade, between towns of Boljevac on north and Sokobanja on south. It belongs to the Serbian Carpathians. Its highest peak is Šiljak , a natural phenomenon of karst terrain.</p><br>
<p>The north side of the mountain is covered with forests and shrubs, full of autochthonous plant species and plenty of sources of potable water. A hunting ground covers 6368 ha. The most common prey are roe deer and wild boar.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to a legend, the castle of a wizard was situated on Rtanj Mountain, in which a great treasure was guarded. However, the castle has disappeared within the mountain, trapping the wealthy sorcerer inside.</p><br>
<p>On the peak Šiljak, there is a now the ruins of a little chapel dedicated to St. George. It was built in 1932 by the wife of a former local miner. Today, the chapel is in ruins, as it was partly destroyed by dynamite, when treasure hunters tried to find the hidden gold. There is an initiative to reconstruct the chapel.</p><br>
<h2>Pyramid shape</h2><br>
<p>For some New Age believers, the pyramidal shape of the mountain is due to it containing an alien pyramid emitting mystical energies. Many people have flocked here prior to the predicted Mayan Doomsday, believing it will protect them.</p><br>
<h2>Rtanj tea</h2><br>
<p>A widely known traditional product of Rtanj is the "Rtanj tea", made from herbal of winter savory. It is celebrated for its antiseptic and aromatic properties, and is allegedly an aphrodisiac.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Pier Hotel is a Grade II listed building in Clevedon, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Royal Pier Hotel, originally known as the Rock House, was built in 1823 by Thomas Hollyman. In 1868, the building was expanded by local architect Hans Price and renamed Rock House & Royal Pier Hotel, subsequently shortened to Royal Pier Hotel. Since its closure in October 2001, the building has fallen into disrepair. In the same year, huge public uproar saved the hotel from demolition. In May 2003, one end of the hotel was ruined in a fire, and despite numerous planning applications to turn the building into flats, it remains derelict.</p><br>
<h2>Future</h2><br>
<p>In 2009 local town councilor David Shopland unsuccessfully called for the hotel&#39;s Grade II listed status to be removed, to make planning applications easier and the site more attractive to developers.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The hotel is situated on the cliffs of Clevedon&#39;s seafront, adjacent to Clevedon Pier.</p><br>
<p>Stavordale Priory in Charlton Musgrove, Somerset, England was built as a priory of Augustinian canons in the 13th century and was converted into a private residence after the suppression of the monastery in 1538 It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The original priory for Augustinian canons was founded by a member of the Lovel family, in 1243, probably following an endowment by Henry, Lord Lovel, who died about 1199.</p><br>
<p>The list of Augustinian Priors of Stavordale Priory includes one John Bodman who died there, as Prior, in 1361. Closer examination of the (Latin) primary source for this reference, however, reveals that his name was not, in fact, given as the English form John but Johannis, the Latin form of Johannes. This appears to be the earliest historical record in England of a Johannes Bodman, and it is possible that he was a scion of the ancient, noble house of the Ritter von Bodman (also Freiherren and Grafen von und zu Bodman), who lived then and still live today at Bodman am Bodensee. However the name Johannis is the Latin form for John as well as Johannes and there is little reason to create a German link to the prior.</p><br>
<p>The bell tower is known to have existed by 1374, and the church was refitted and rebuilt around 1439. The chantry of Jesus was described as having been "recently completed" in 1526. It is thought to be linked to the villages old church near the altar by a tunnel, perhaps used as a priests escape route, some two miles in length. Again there is no evidence or reason for such a tunnel escape route.</p><br>
<p>It was converted around the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, after the priory merged with Taunton in 1533.</p><br>
<p>It was restored and extended by Thomas Edward Collcutt in 1905 for Mr. F.G. Sage.</p><br>
<p>It is now owned by Sir Cameron Mackintosh a British theatrical producer notable for his association with many commercially successful musicals.</p><br>
<p>The Edgar and Lucy Henriques House at 20 Old Pali Place in Honolulu, Hawaii was built in 1904 for the Henriques couple, who had married in 1898.</p><br>
<p>Edgar Henriques was a businessman who had arrived in Hawaii from New York City in 1896. Lucy was of high-born Hawaiian alii heritage, descended from Isaac Davis, a British seaman who served as advisor to Kamehameha I in dealing with foreigners and in conquering the other islands. Lucy&#39;s aunt, Lucy Kaopaulu Peabody, built the house for the couple and also lived there herself until her death in 1928. It stands as one of the best-preserved and few surviving examples of a grand "kamaaina" dwelling from the end of the 19th century, with a covered porte-cochere and wraparound lānai; a splendid, wide-open interior; and large doors and windows that could easily be opened to tropical breezes. Its architect was Thomas Gill, father of Thomas P. Gill, and it was listed on the Hawaii and National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Lucy Kalanikumaikiekie Henriques was active in the Daughters of Hawaii, the Hawaiian Historical Society (HHS), and the Kaahumanu Society. Her husband Edgar was a prominent member of the business community and also active in the HHS, publishing occasional studies on traditional Hawaiian history and culture. Edgar and Lucy had a large collection of Hawaiian cultural artifacts, which are now in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, Lucy Henriques willed land and a trust fund to establish a medical facility at Mahahikilua in Kamuela, Hawaii. After many delays, the Lucy Henriques Medical Center finally opened in 1977, eventually merging with North Hawaii Community Hospital in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Painted Rock Petroglyph Site is a collection of hundreds of ancient petroglyphs near the town of Theba, Arizona, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The site is operated and maintained by the Bureau of Land Management , and includes an improved campground as well as an informative walking trail showcasing the petroglyphs.</p><br>
<p>Prior to 1989, the site was part of Painted Rock State Park, which included camping facilities on the nearby Painted Rock Reservoir, referred to as the "Lake Unit". When the state turned control of the park over to the BLM in 1989, the Lake Unit was closed due to concerns over pollutants in the Gila River and is not maintained by the BLM. Currently, there is no public access to Painted Rock Dam or the Lake Unit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Painted Rock Petroglyph Site is located on the eastern edge of the Painted Rock Mountains and about eighteen miles west by northwest of Gila Bend, Arizona. The area is mostly flat and sandy with May-Oct daytime temperatures in the 100s. The annual rainfall is only about six inches and the nearest irrigational water is the Gila River. In prehistoric times the Gila flowed west out of the mountains of western New Mexico, made a big dogleg turn at the town of Gila Bend and continued west to empty into the Colorado River. The Hohokam people once lived and farmed here. Ruins of their late Pioneer Period (AD 350 - AD 550) and Early Colonial Period (AD 550 - AD 700) villages are found to the north and west, and ruins of their Sedentary - Classic Period (AD 900 - AD 1400) villages are found to the south and east.</p><br>
<p>Over forty petroglyph sites have been recorded in the area, however; most of these sites are small with only a few dozen petroglyphs. The Painted Rock Site is the largest known site with about 800 images. The petroglyphs are pecked onto weathered basalt boulders overlaying a granite outcrop. The outcrop is in the form of an east to west orientated oval about 400 long, and about 20 tall with two small knob tops. Most of the petroglyphs are concentrated on the boulders along the eastern edge, but the petroglyphs face in all directions from that edge.</p><br>
<p>Although considered a Hohokam rock art site, Painted Rock is on the extreme western edge of the Hohokam cultural area. East of Painted Rock, petroglyphs take on more typical Hohokam characteristics, while petroglyphs farther west take on more Patayan characteristics. Found here and in nearby areas of the Gila River are petroglyphs of Archaic origin. Painted Rock also bears the inscriptions of historic passers-by. Juan Bautista de Anza passed near here during his 1775-1776 expedition, followed by the Mormon Battalion in the 1840s, the Butterfield Overland Mail, and countless numbers of pioneers. During World War II, General George Patton used this area as headquarters for tank training.</p><br>
<h2>Similar petroglyphs</h2><br>
<p>Fifteen miles up the Gila River in the Gila Bend Mountains there are similar ancient petroglyphs with stick figures with long, wavy headdresses and solid circles in the middle of their bodies. These are not common in other parts of the American Southwest.</p><br>
